Steel plant :: essays research papers

Steel Plant      Our steel plant will be found where the baseball field and the recreation center is. We will purchase the school’s land off the Board of Education. We plan on tearing down the exercise center also, taking all the blocks and left over materials to the land fill in Princeton. Along these lines more individuals can keep their homes, and not need to move away. The school will be transformed into an inn for a portion of the laborers who live away from here. In the event that the baseball field and exercise room isn’t sufficient space for the plant, at that point we will purchase the houses and land behind the baseball field. In the event that any other person needs to move as a result of the smoke, at that point we will have the option to purchase their property and extend our organization.      Our plant will have its own stockpiling dump underground on some other property we own, away from the city. The tanks will be particular, so the synthetic compounds can’t spill out into the ground. This will shield the synthetics from hurting the neighborhood untamed life. At the plant there will be an exceptional sifting framework for the smoke that is created, so it won’t impact the air and network.      We will utilize the neighborhood coal mineshafts to furnish us with the coal we have to create the steel. The steel plant will make more employments for the neighborhood individuals. Likewise the nearby graduating classes won’t need to go far away to land positions.      If there isn’t effectively another school worked for the understudies then we will give a portion of the benefits we make to fabricate a school. So the children will have a decent and new school prepared for them. Additionally we will arrangement a grant to send understudies to school, likewise they can return and have a great job at the plant on the off chance that they need.

Refugee Crisis in Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evacuee Crisis in Europe - Essay Example From this paper it is clear thatâ the division like treatment and varying feelings on the acknowledgment of the exiles has driven the nations to take an alternate position on the outcast strategies. The circumstance takes steps to bargain the quality of the European countries’ solidarity and wreck the climate that was delighted in by the nations before the emergency incredibly hit the continent. As the conversation stresses Germany had at first tossed free its outskirts to the displaced people that were attempting to enter the nation through Hungary, the Balkans and Greece and acquainted identification free travel with the nation. The twenty-eight-country coalition had consented to share the obligation of forty thousand of the displaced people that were to get to the weight Italy and Greece.â because of the hesitance of other part nations, Germany, Netherlands, Austria and Slovakia have all presented outskirt controls in an offer to have a record of the a large number o f individuals who show up from Middle East, Africa and Asia. The once open German outskirts have now had police on the fringes and prepares in an offer to control the immense number of transients who are attempting to get to the European Union heavyweight. The exacting controls presented because of absence of responsibility and participation from other part states. Hungary has taken an incredible remain against the displaced people who are attempting to enter its borders. The country has cautioned those attempting to enter the nation that they chance extraordinary dismissal and potentially being ousted back to their homelands.â

A-B-A Design With Autism and Special Education

A-B-A Design With Autism and Special Education February 15, 2020 Juice Images/Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology People often regard psychology as an inexact science that doesnt have the same measures or values as, say, chemistry or biology. This is largely an unfair assessment, particularly in regards to research where psychologists rely on the same science-based evidence as to any other investigator.?? One of the more common ways to do so is with an analysis model known as A-B-A design. It is used for both the experimental analysis of behavior (which aims to draw associations between situations and behaviors) and applied behavior analysis (in which techniques are applied based on principles of learning). It is an approach to research used popularly in education, counseling, speech pathology, and both human and non-human behavioral research. A-B-A is one of the techniques psychologists will use when working with ?children with autism.?? What Is A-B-A Design? A-B-A design is a compellingly simple model to understand. It involves establishing a baseline condition (the A phase), introducing a treatment or intervention to effect some sort of change (the B phase), and then removing the treatment to see if it returns to the baseline. A-B-A design allows researchers to evaluate how effective a treatment is.?? If the behavior completely reverts to the baseline following the withdrawal of treatment, then scientists can be pretty confident that the treatment works. If the same effect is restored after the treatment is reapplied, the confidence in the treatment is greatly increased. Examples A-B-A design in one of several different models used in single-subject research. Single-subject research is one in which a subjectâ€"whether an individual or groupâ€"serves as its own control.?? It can be used to rigorously test the success of an intervention on a person, school, or community and provide evaluative measures as to the general effectiveness of that intervention. Lets say, for example, that we are conducting an experiment to determine the impact of illustrations on reading comprehension among third-graders. Under the A-B-A design model: The third-graders would start by reading a text-only paragraph (the A phase) and be tested to assess their reading comprehension.The same group would then be asked to read another paragraph, this time with an illustration (the B phase), and be tested again.To complete the A-B-A model, the students would be provided yet another text-only paragraph and be tested one final time. A review of scores would provide the investigators with insights into the impact of the intervention if any. Key Features The A-B-A model shares many of the characteristics of other single-subject research methods:?? A-B-A design allows researchers to obtain repeated measurements in order to establish consistent patterns in behaviors.It allows researchers to measure behavior accurately under controlled conditions with consistent values.It focuses on how a single variable influences behavior rather than a set of variables.It is not so concerned with how the results compare to the general population but rather how a controlled intervention affects the subject and subject alone. A-B-A-B Design An extension of the model is A-B-A-B design.?? This involves measuring the baseline (the A phase), introducing the treatment (the B phase), withdrawing the treatment, and reintroducing it one final time. This is considered a confirmatory model that it not only tells us if an effect can be repeated but how robust that effect is. In some cases, the effect may be short-lasting and wane over time. In others, it may intensify the more an individual or group is exposed to that treatment.

Keith H. Basso Essay - 1683 Words

Keith H. Basso It is rare to find a book that is as informative as a textbook but reads as easy as a short story. But Keith H. Basso is successful in creating an interesting ethnography about the Western Apache culture by using two usually overlooked topics, geography and oral history. Geography and the location of places is usually forgotten or seen as just topography, but Basso proves that geography is more than a location. It is the forgotten history of the name of a place that makes the locality more important than it seems. While whitemen (a term frequented by the Apache to describe White European culture) has constantly renamed places for convenience and prove of colonization, Basso overturns this ignorant and offensive†¦show more content†¦The background of the author is very important because it provides the basis in which the reader will understand the information presented as of the experience and the reasons why the anthropologist wrote such an ethnography. We must also remember that Basso is also a linguist, an anthropologist whose focus is on the language of societies and how different words and contexts convey different meanings. But in Wisdom sits in places, Basso takes on the role of the observer and foreigner when approaching his consultants. (Note: the word consultant is now used instead of informants or subjects because these natives are there to work for the ethnographer, to be consult when questions arise). In a way, Basso is considered as a child when doing the interviews with the retired horsemen because in Apache culture, children are not born with the three conditions of the mind required to learn the wisdom of the culture. The three conditions are: smoothness of them mind, resilience of the mind and steadiness of the mind. Smoothness of the mind conveys the sense of having the mind free of obstructions and to be open to new ideas. The resilience of the mind combats against external distractions while the steadiness of the mind combats agains t the internal factors of distraction. Instead, they must pay attention and observe the words and actions of older people (in BassosShow MoreRelatedEssay about Wisdom Sits in Places783 Words   |  4 PagesNovember 29, 2011 Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language Among the Western Apache Keith H. Basso’s Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language Among the Western Apache delivers a strong message regarding human connections between place, identity, and origins in relation to the idea of place-names. Every place evokes an association to a story and/or a person/ancestor bearing a moral message that allows the Western Apache to shape their beliefs, behaviors, identities, etc. It is throughRead MoreSpeaking Through Silence1949 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Keith H. Basso’s ethnographic research titled, To Give up on Words: Silence in Western Apache Culture is an investigation of situations when members of a certain Apache community in the western United States assume the state of silence as a form of social interaction. In this paper, I will first note details of the society under consideration and Basso’s interests in regards to the questions he is trying to answer. I will introduce some anthropological concepts that are suitable toRead MoreThe Chiricahua Named Chihuahu A Different Opinion Of Their New Home1194 Words   |  5 Pagescreation of an Indian Tribe by the United States government. This tribe is to be called the Fort Sill Apaches. Bibliography Ball, Eve, Nora Henn, and Lynda Sanchez. Indeh, an Apache Odyssey. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1988. Basso, Keith H. Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language among the Western Apache. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1996. Delgadillo, Alicia. From Fort Marion to Fort Sill: A Documentary History of the Chiricahua Apache Prisoners of War, 1886-1913

The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens - 800 Words

As a bestselling novel, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens by Sean Covey challenges students to become better versions of themselves through a methodology of intra- and interpersonal exercises taught by many religions and self-help programs around the globe. In this book, readers are taught that prioritizing, proactivity, good communication and intrapersonal strength are all equally important, and that one must achieve inner determination and self esteem before their relationships can be healthy. I agree with Covey, and believe that all of these habits are necessary to being an effective and successful teen. In an age where technology is so accessible and most things from 1998 seem out of place, I not only related to the text, but†¦show more content†¦I had taken part in writing mission statements, and I thought it was intriguing when Covey mentions, â€Å"Most companies, like Coca-Cola, have mission statements. But I think they work best with people† (81), beca use I didn’t realize people even made them. Remembering I used to write â€Å"Love God, love others,† on my arm in permanent marker, and considering my mother’s advice on choosing a career, I crafted a short, clear mission statement that will travel and grow with me throughout my life: Love God, Love Others, Love Thyself, Love What You Do. In order to grow and travel and abide by this mission statement, however, I must prioritize my life. In the beginning of Put First Things First, Covey provides an anecdote about the responsibilities of modern day teenagers: â€Å"I was listening to a speech on tape when the speaker began comparing the challenges faced by today’s teens to those of teens who lived 150 years ago. I listened with interest. I agreed with most of what he said until this: ‘The challenge that teens faced 150 years ago was hard work. The challenge that teens face today is a lack of hard work.’ [...] I think teens are busier today and working harder than ever† (106). I admire the fact that Covey stands up for my generation and defends us against pessimists who believe millennials have no work ethic, but I had never considered the fact that my priorities could be out of whack, even with the busy schedule and work ethic I tryShow MoreRelated7 Habits Of Highly Effective Teens1670 Words   |  7 PagesHailey Podskalny 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens, what is that suppose to mean? In each chapter of this book they’re describing different habits of teenager’s lifes. All seven habits are; be proactive, begin with the end in mind, put things first, think win win, seek first to understand, then to be understood, synergize, and sharpen in the saw. In this Self-help book by Sean Covey, this book was written to self-guide teens into right directions of success.Read MoreThe 7 Habits Of Highly Effective Teens1746 Words   |  7 PagesToday was the first day of the 2016 Emerging Leaders program and discussed being proactive, the first step of the 7 habits of highly effective teens. We learned about how trying new things will help in becoming a successful leader. This is important for me as I am very reluctant to try new things, and if I tried new things more often, I will improve my leadership skills. We were also showed the difference between being reactive and practice and the idea that a stimulus creates a choice to a responseRead MoreSummary: the 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens3575 Words   |  15 PagesThe 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens is a book authored by Sean Covey. It was in the year 2001 the Indonesian version of the book first published in Indonesia. Sean Covey’s father, Stephen Covey, is well-known for authoring his international bestseller book The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, The 8th Habit: from Effectiveness to Greatness, and many other popular self helping books. Sean Covey himself writes other several self helping books as well. If practiced, the 7 habits Stephen and SeanRead More7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens - Short Essay623 Words   |  3 Pages7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens In the book 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens by Sean Covey brings 7 key things teens need to live a productive, open, and successful life to the table. Covey took 7 concepts teens are hesitant to tap into and made them easy to understand and adapt to. He manages to capture his audiences attention by sharing stories of other teens that we could easily relate to. Although each aspect of the habits were relatable to each aspect of my life, I was most engagedRead MoreThe 7 Habits Of Highly Effective Teens By Sean Covey1751 Words   |  8 PagesThe 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens by Sean Covey is a modified version of his father’s book, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People. Unlike Stephen Covey, who wrote his book with the audience of adults in mind, his son’s book is targeted towards teens. â€Å" Covey avoids the academic writing style that one will find in Stephen’s and delivers the seven habits model in an easy to read, humorous style that does not lose any of the impact of the seven habits† (Change Management Coach). Being both entertainingRead MoreMy Life After Reading The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens644 Words   |  3 Pagesseeing that on the cover of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens I told myself to give it a chance. I had heard many different opinions about the book. Most of my peers were not overly excited when the y finished. However I decided to go into reading the book with a positive attitude knowing if I did enjoy it writing a paper about it would be much easier and I might even learn something. Reading The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens I saw many ways each habit pertained to my life. Some I feltRead MoreAnalysis of Sean Covey ´s The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens612 Words   |  2 PagesEffective Habits in Teens’ Lives Being a teenager can be challenging sometimes. Not many teens can easily cope with the pressure that comes from school, family, and friends. The author Sean Covey published The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens as a helpful book for teens that face many uncertainties during the emotional stage of growing up and getting ready to become adults someday. Since Covey managed to capture the readers’ heart with many relatable short stories along with deep insights, thisRead MoreI Am A Big Sign At San Diego Zoo1391 Words   |  6 Pagesall I did was procrastinate. How does grief and procrastination go together? It’s simple I procrastinated my feeling and moved on for 2 years, thinking oh well I can deal with these unknown feeling later. In the informational book The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens by Sean Covey I found many connections to my personal experience. Covey states â€Å"The results of living in Q1 are stress, anxiety, burn out, and mediocre performance† (Covey.109). Q1 stands for quadrant 1 in the time quadrants. There areRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Great Gatsby 1633 Words   |  7 Pagesmore from it than I would have from the average novel. Title: The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens Author: Sean Covey Setting: This book has no specific time or place of occurrence, but Sean Covey is addressing teens everywhere during the present time. Major Conflicts: Although the book itself does not have any conflicts, rising action, falling action, climax, etc., it does contain several problems teens face. Some of these include self-esteem, organization, relationship issues, expectationsRead More Adolescents, Mental Health, and Cigarette Smoking Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pagessustain increased dopamine levels by smoking, while coping with the addictive qualities of smoking, make this a hard habit to quit. Generally speaking, a smoker will take about 10 puffs on a cigarette in a five-minute period. If one smoked 30 cigarettes a day (1.5 packs), that person would get 300 hits of nicotine a day. These factors contribute considerably to nicotines highly addictive nature. (1). Even though most smokers would identify tobacco as harmful and express a desire to reduce

Reaction Paper Always Free Essays

It all started with a quite bit of confusion. I thought the film was about the history of Japan or whatever but then as we arrived in the cinema and start watching the movie I got curious why it was like a comedy and a little bit drama kind of movie. The movie was set back on 1958 at the time of the construction of the Tokyo Tower so the screen’s color was brownish (Classic) and the actors and actresses’ dress were classic too. We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction Paper: Always or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are two 2 families in this story the Suzuki family and the Chagawa family. The Suzuki family was more capable than Chakagawa family. To start the story, it is about a teenage girl named Mutsuko arrives in Tokyo to take a job in a major automotive company but finds that she is employed by a small auto repair shop owned by Suzuki. The Suzuki shop lies almost in the shadow of the Tokyo Tower as it rises steadily above the skyline during construction in 1958. Others in the neighborhood also are striving to better themselves as Japan continues to emerge from the shadow of war. Abandoned by his single mother, young Junnosuke is first handed off to Hiromi but she passes him off to Ryunosuke Chagawa, a struggling writer who only manages to sell adventure stories for boys as his serious novels continue to be rejected.. This two families are sometimes not in good terms but in the end they all became friends when Hiromi give birth to her baby while they’re watching the Olympics. I like the movie so much, actually to be honest it made my cry. Especially in the scene of Ryunosuke Chagawa when he knew that his father loves him so much, that his father bought all the episodes of his book. It’s like, for how many years of pain and for how many years that he was mad with his father still, father is a father. And the scene of Junnosuke when he needs to come back home because he forgot the pen the Chagawa gave when he’s still a child. Then I was also amazed in what Japan did in the opening of Olympics in that year. I was like â€Å"Wow! Astig! †. They made the 5 rings of Olympics’ logo by the jets, the jets were the one who draw it. The movies is very beautiful, simple and fantastic it is about everyday difficulties and joys of people. What I like most in this movie and to conclude it all, I love or like this movie because it was filled with bits of memorable moments that would send you bursting out with laughter while tears are still continuing to fill up your eyes. I promise to recommend this movie to my family, friends and other classmates. One of the best movie I’ve ever watched. How to cite Reaction Paper: Always, Papers

The Dream of the Civil Rights Movement Essays - Activism

The Dream of the Civil Rights Movement Of all the movements that have happened throughout American history, the civil rights movement was arguably the most important in shaping American culture today. the civil rights movement was a series of mass protests against racial inequality; notably, Martin Luther King Jr. used his powerful speeches to inspire the nation, and bring together people who had been separated for the previous 200 years. The civil rights movement can be defined as the struggle of African-Americans in the 1950's and 60's to achieve civil rights and liberties equal to those of white people, including equal opportunity in employment, housing, and education, as well as the right to vote, the right of equal access to public facilities, and the right to be free of racial discrimination (Civil). Though the majority of the civil rights movement took place in the 50's and 60's, it actually began during the 1800's. One event that sparked debates on civil rights was the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. At the conclusion case, the US supreme court decided that facilities for black and white people could be "separate but equal" (Civil Rights). This was a major setback in the advancement of African American Rights because it basically made public discrimination legal. Though it was slow, and especially hard in the beginning, the portion of the civil rights movement that took place during the 50's and 60's, whic h is now known as the "civil rights era" was a major turning point in American culture, and helped to shape the way Americans view race forever. During the movement, some of the ugliest parts of American society were brought to light, and the real, disturbing injustices that were happening every day were exposed. One of the most notable events of the civil rights movement was the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The King Encyclopedia summarizes the boycott by stating, "Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional." At the forefront of the boycott were many important figures involved in the civil rights movement, the most notable of them being Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr was born in Atlanta, Georgia on January 15, 1929. Born and raised in Atlanta, King attended public school by age five, and graduated Booker T. Washington High School at age 15 in 1944 after skipping 9th and 11th grade (Martin). The fact that he graduated 2 years early shows that he was exceptionally intelligent, which would translate into his later life. King took on an important role in 1955 as the leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. In a biography about King it says, "On the night that Rosa Parks was arrested, E.D. Nixon, head of the local NAACP chapter met with Martin Luther King Jr. King was elected to lead the boycott because he was young, well-trained with solid family connections and had professional standing" (Martin). King's election as leader of such a massively important protest at only the age of 25 shows how much faith and trust the black community had in him, and how great his ability to inspire and lead people on a path to goodness and e quality already was. One of King's greatest talents as a civil rights leader was his ability to deliver powerful speeches, his most famous speech being the "I Have a Dream" speech. King's speech titled "I Have a Dream" is arguably one of the most powerful, and influential speeches of the past century. For one of the first times, it painted a picture of the struggles suffered by African-Americans in a way that all Americans could understand. As History.com puts it, "Weaving in references to the country's Founding Fathers and the Bible, King used universal themes to depict the struggles of African Americans, before closing with an improvised riff on his dreams of equality." Almost as important as the speech itself, the setting in which the speech took place allowed for it to be so widely heard by the American public so quickly. The speech was delivered at the end of the March

AristotleThe Politics essays

AristotleThe Politics essays Aristotle believes that the chief ingredient for a life of happiness is virtue. Virtue is a state of the soul that disposes and prompts our actions and is meant to guide our behaviors in society and enable us to practice moderation. Aristotle believes that human happiness, which is not to be equated with the simple-minded pursuit of pleasure, stems from fulfilling human potentialities. These potentialities can be identified by rational choice, practical judgment, and recognition of the value of choosing the mean instead of extremes. The central moral problem is the human tendency to want to acquire more and to act unjustly whenever one has the power to do so. According to Aristotle happiness is the highest good and the goo life comes from the realization and perfect practice of virtue. In order to lead a life of goodness there must be a foundation of adequate health (goods of the body), adequate wealth (external goods, property), and goods of the soul (virtue, wisdom). People think that a moderate amount of virtue is enough, but set no limit to their desires of wealth and property, power, reputation, and all such things... - i.e. of external goods. (1323 a35-40) Happiness is more often found in those who are cultivated in their mind and in their character, and have only a moderate share of external goods, than among those who possess extensive external goods but are lacking in higher qualities. The good life you lead or experience is an inner sense of well being. This is the active life of virtue and this is all for the sake of the soul. "We may therefore join in agreeing that the amount of happiness which falls to each individual man is equal to the amount of his goodness and his wisdom, and of the good and wise acts that he does." [1323b21] Aristotle said we must act naturally in order to be happy. He believes nature is our guide and that nothing is good which is contrary to nature. A...

Learn Proper French Pronunciation With Liaisons

Learn Proper French Pronunciation With Liaisons Part of the reason that French pronunciation and aural comprehension are so difficult is due to liaisons. A  liaison  is a phenomenon whereby a normally  silent consonant  at the end of a word is pronounced at the beginning of the word that follows it. Examples of Liaisons The sound files below show words such as  vous  (you), which have a silent s at the end, unless they are paired with a word like  avez  (have). When this occurs, the s is pronounced at the beginning of the following word, creating a liaison in French. In each instance, the words on the left contain a silent letter at the end; the words on the right show how the usually silent letter at the end of the word is pronounced at the beginning of the following word, creating a liaison. The word or words are followed by a transliteration to help you pronounce the terms and phrases as you hear them. French Word With a Final Silent Consonant Liaison vous [vu] vous avez [vu za vay] ont [o(n)] ont-ils [o(n) teel] un [uh(n)] un homme [uh(n) nuhm] les [lay] les amis [lay za mee] Pronunciation Key Use this pronunciation key as a guide to help you get the most out of the previous sound files. a   fathere   bedee   meetu   fool(n)   nasal n In addition, consonants in  liaisons  sometimes change the pronunciation. For example, an s is pronounced like a z when it is used in a liaison. Liaison Rules The basic requirement of a  liaison  is a word that ends in a normally silent consonant followed by a word that begins with a vowel or  mute h. This does not mean, however, that all possible liaisons are necessarily pronounced. In fact, the pronunciation (or not) of liaisons is subject to very specific rules, and liaisons are divided into three categories: Required liaisons (Liaisons obligatoires)Forbidden liaisons (Liaisons interdites)Optional liaisons (Liaisons facultatives) If you are a beginner, study just the required  liaisons  and forbidden liaisons, as these are the essential. If youre more advanced, study all three sections. It may be boring, but your pronunciation and ability to communicate at different levels of formality will improve dramatically. Liaison vs.  Enchantment There is a related phenomenon in French called  enchaà ®nement  (linking). The difference between enchaà ®nement and  liaisons  is this:  Liaisons  occur when the final consonant is normally silent but is pronounced due to the vowel that follows it (vous  vs.  vous avez), whereas  enchaà ®nement  occurs when the final consonant is pronounced whether or not a vowel follows it, such as  pour  vs.  pour elle, which translates as for vs. for her. Note that  enchaà ®nement  is simply a phonetic issue, while the pronunciation of  liaisons  is based on linguistic and stylistic factors. Additionally, scan the pronunciation chart below to see how various letters are generally pronounced in French liaisons. Letter Sound D [t] F [v] G [g] N [n] P [p] R [r] S [z] T [t] X [z] Z [z]

Ec 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ec 4 - Essay Example These two definitions are summarized as historical genesis and current utility. This presents a dilemma of incorporating distinct criteria of current utility and historical genesis under a single phrase. Biologists have failed to to acknowledge the confusion between these two distinct definitions for they tend to observe natural selection as a dominant evolutionary progression, making the historical process and the current utility seem as combined (Gould & Vrba 7). An outstanding instance of how linking these two definitions has caused misunderstanding is Darwins’ and Williams’ failure to label the infused sutures as adaptation since they were not built by selection to function as they do in mammals (Gould & Vrba 7). Williams calls this feature as an accidental effect that aids in the survival of mammals and not an adaptation. Nonetheless, these biologists failed to give the features that develop as a result of fitness to a current role a name (Gould & Vrba 7-9). Since the new features that develop in organisms to aid in the survival of the descen dants re not considered as an adaptation, they develop due to capability and not natural selection and are referred as exaptation. This, then, generates a variance between those features that develop due to natural selection and fitness to a current role. In this case, the mammalian sutures are an exaptation and not adaptation (Gould & Vrba 7-10). Exaptation offers a solution to the dilemma of preadaptation. Evolutionists and biologists have experienced trouble with the concept of preadaptation. Most of them have connected the features that develop to assist in performing a new role as preadaptation. If adaptation were developed for a current use, then structures functioning in a distinct and subsequent way cannot be preadaptations. In this case, preadaptation has been associated with indeterminate teology. Teology implies a description of the role of a given

Learning about disability culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning about disability culture - Essay Example This I found to be consisted with mainstream culture in society, which holds that people change and develop as they go through their lifespan. I have also learnt that disabilities take various forms and that how one disabled person may behave is not the same as how others may behave. In addition, it was interesting to note that some people with disabilities find the term to be discriminatory, and a hindrance, especially as some feel that they go through the same issues as able-bodied people and achieve similar results (Stone, 2009). Probably the most important information gathered during the learning activities was that individuals cannot outgrow their disabilities. While this ultimately makes sense, my time volunteering to work with disabled children has made me not question what they will become when they grow up. I agree with the contention that those with disabilities, especially learning disabilities, normally have ability or abilities that can outshine their disabilities (Stone, 2009). Whether because of natural gifts or as devices for compensation and adaptation, these other abilities are dependent on the disabled persons. I enjoyed a video that we watched during one of the classes, in which a man working with a group of community leaders told them about what life and school is like for children who are disabled was an informative activity. One of his illustrations actually struck me when he contended that expecting something from those with disabilities who are not capable of accomplishing the set task is commonplace in society and in school, which I agreed with. In addition, this problem has been found to lie with societal ignorance, rather than with individuals suffering from a disability (Stone, 2009). There is a need for society to be concerned and educated about working with disabled people. People with disabilities also have to overcome issues

Differential Susceptibility Theory (DST) in Psychopathology

Differential Susceptibility Theory (DST) in Psychopathology Future Directions for research: What makes the Differential Susceptibility approach appealing to Psychopathology and Wellbeing researchers alike? The Differential Susceptibility Theory (DST) has attracted a huge amount of research in recent years from researchers in the field of wellbeing and psychopathology for a variety of reasons. This essay will examine both the dominant diathesis-stress model and DST and highlight how the knowledge of DST can improve wellbeing and reduce psychopathology. It has been widely demonstrated by decades of research that health and developmental disorders are more prevalent among people from high-risk families (Luthar, 2006; Boyce, 2007; Shonkoff, Boyce, McEwen, 2009). Studies abound to demonstrate that childhood physical, emotional abuse and neglect impair development from lack of concentration to aggression, fighting, stealing, truanting and antisocial activities (Wayne, 1989). There is however a prominent variation in the physical health and psychological adjustment of both children and adults who experienced both high and low degrees of adversity (Luthar, 2006; Masten Obradovic, 2006). The dominant theory that accounts for the above phenomenon is the diathesis-stress/dual risk model, which emphasizes vulnerability to environment. It postulates that psychopathology develops as a result of an interaction between due to vulnerabilities/diatheses (temperamental, biological, and/or behavioural characteristics) in a particular person and environmental stress (Monroe Simmons, 1991). Hence, an individual facing great environmental stress will not need to have many underlying vulnerabilities to develop psychopathology. The same outcome can be true for an individual with greater vulnerabilities but a minor stressful event (Ingram Luxton, 2005). On the other hand, DST emphasizes developmental plasticity- individual differences in neurobiological susceptibility to environmental factors (Belsky, 2005). Belsky (2005) postulates that plasticity functions in a for-better-and-for-worse manner: more â€Å"plastic† individuals experience more positive outcomes in positive environments as well as more negative outcomes in aversive environments. DST has received support from many studies. Boyce et al.’s (1995) study on biological reactivity and environmental adversities as predictors of respiratory conditions in children aged between 3 and 5 yields a credible result. The study found that highly biologically reactive children who were exposed to childcare or home environments of high adversity experienced substantially higher illness than other children while highly biologically reactive children who experienced lower adversity conditions (better supportive childcare) experienced the lowest illness rates. More recent studies come from Hankin et al.’s (2011) three different studies that investigated the 5-HTTLPR genotype in 1,874 children and adolescents (between 9- and 15-year-old) and how the degree of supportive or unsupportive parenting may influence their behaviours. Hankin et al. (2011) found that the ‘homozygous for the functional short allele of 5-HTTLPR were more responsive to parenting as environmental context in a â€Å"for better and worse† manner’, that genetically susceptible youth whose parents were unsupportive displayed low levels of positive affect while genetically susceptible youth who experienced supportive parenting displayed higher levels of positive affect. There are a variety of reasons why researchers of well-being and psychopathology find DST appealing. The most significant difference between DST and the dominant diathesis-stress model is that the latter do not consider the effects of a positive environment. This is because it is of the view that there is no significant difference in how vulnerable or resilient groups respond to enriched supportive or environmental conditions (Belsky Pluess, 2009). Consequently, many studies only focus on adversity and its absence (e.g., maltreatment vs. no maltreatment) and do not measure the complete range of environments. Neither do they consider the complete range of psychological/behavioural functioning (just maladjustment and its absence, e.g., depressed vs. not depressed). In addition, DST may help researchers to elucidate the defining characteristics of resilience. Under the diathesis-stress model, children with particular attributes such as positive temperament and do not suffer expected detrimental effects of negative environments are defined as resilient (Cicchetti, 1993; Luthar, 2006). However, DST argues that these children could seem resilient because they are just not very â€Å"plastic† or malleable. If this is indeed true, these children would therefore be very unlikely to benefit from highly supportive rearing environments should they be provided with them (Belsky Pluess, 2009b). As such, DST extends the diathesis-stress model by drawing focus on investigating how personal characteristics moderate the effects of positive environmental contexts on positive well-being. One additional advantage of DST is that it offers a new advancement in the treatment of psychopathology. There is great potential in screening patients for intervention on the basis of neurobiological susceptibility (Ellis et al., 2011). DST predicts varying sizes of intervention effects across participants, depending on both the â€Å"plasticity† of individuals and the mode of intervention. Many experimental interventions on parenting and child care have confirmed the above prediction (e.g., Bakermans-Kranenburg, van IJzendoorn, Mesman, Alink, Juffer, 2008; Cassidy et al., 2011). Furthermore, current evidence does not strongly support the case that some people are completely not susceptible to the positive effects of any intervention. As such, it would be better to understand neurobiological susceptibility as a continuous dimension rather than categorically (susceptible vs not susceptible). Caspi et al.’s (2003) G x E study showed that those homozygous for the short s erotonin-transporter allele suffered most from stressful life events, those homozygous for the long allele suffered the least while heterozygotes (carrying one short and one long allele) fell in between. The above knowledge could help inform the design of treatment policies and programs tailored to the specific needs of people with differing â€Å"plasticity†. Despite the exciting promise of DST, it is important to note that it is a relatively new theory in need of much future research to shed light on many areas. Owing to the length constraint of this essay, only a few notable areas will be discussed. Firstly, it is currently unclear how differential susceptibility is regulated by neurobiological (genotypic, endophenotypic, and behavioral) mechanisms (Ellis et al., 2011). Future research on the relationships between the different levels of mechanisms would help to greatly shape programs and interventions to benefit patients of different â€Å"plasticity†. Secondly, future research should focus on elucidating how for better and for worse processes unfold. For example, it could be possible that neurobiologically susceptible children are better at detecting and capitalizing on positive opportunities (e.g., taking advice from a teacher, forging strong friendships) to achieve positive outcomes in supportive environments. Such knowledge would once again help to shape intervention programs. For example, interventors can specifically highlight positive opportunities mentioned above to neurobiologically susceptible children from adverse environments that are recently provided with more positive environments. In conclusion, this essay has explored the main features of DST and shown how understanding DST is crucial in understanding how to prevent psychopathology and improve wellbeing. Further studies, however, are required to bridge the existing gaps in this field.

Equality and Diversity Essay

This essay examines the key factors that influence inclusive learning and teaching in the lifelong learning sector. Teaching methods will vary according to what you want to get out of the session, what the learners are able to achieve within the time frame, what materials and resources are available, what you are teaching, the needs of the learners and your personal style. This could be formal, informal or a mixture of both. Formal teaching methods include lecturers, demonstrations and presentations. Informal teaching includes discussions, group work and practical activities. As I will be teaching within the Beauty Therapy my lessons would be a mixture of both these delivery methods. Each activity within the classroom will consist of teaching and learning activities which are balanced to meet the different needs of my learners. Blended learning incorporates both traditional and computer based methods. This is commonly referred to as Information learning technology (ICT) this use of computer based technology to enhance teaching methods and resources or develop learner autonomy is widely promoted. The other main teaching methods other than ICT I am opting to use are lecturers and demonstrations. These demonstrations are very important as it would show the students the beauty routine that we would expect them to follow within their practical sessions. This ensures that students will be working to the same standard and will also adhere to the requirements of the awarding body. Practical sessions also help to explain difficult parts of the task when verbal exposition in not enough. I would also use group work activities, these particularly suit kinaesthetic learners but also when you have a group consisting of various abilities it allows both weak and strong learners to work collectively. Question and Answer sessions will be most commonly used in my tutorials. If I was teaching for example ‘the bones and muscles of the body) I would ask students to identify where muscles are on the body to help promote learning. At the start of the course the approach I will use to facilitate inclusive learning will be to carry out an initial assessment. This will help me identify what type of learners they are, I would then plan my teaching sessions to meet these individual needs by using a mix of visual, auditory, kinaesthetic teaching and learning strategies. For example I had just completed a practical demonstration to my group on ‘a facial routine’, I wanted to make sure my learners could confidently work in pairs and practice this routine on each other. A task like this would suit the kinaesthetic because he/she is provided with an opportunity to do and learn, and for the visual learner I would produce a step by step illustrated hand-out to support the routine. The Equality Act 2010 outlines protective characteristics which promote equality within schools and colleges and prevent discrimination. This includes sexuality, sex, disability, marital status and religion. In order to promote equality in my classroom I will need to respond positively to the diverse needs of all learners. Effective communication with learners is essential and it is the teacher’s responsibility to ensure that learners understand appropriate vocabulary and terminology and that comments are not discriminatory or offensive. As a teacher I would keep language simple so that if I have a learner from different backgrounds they may not have the same level of English as British learners. Resources used such as hand-outs, assignments and work sheets will also aim to promote equality and diversity. For example I would produce worksheets in a gender free language and also aim to promote multiculturalism by producing scenario based worksheets that use names from various ethnic backgrounds. I would also pace my sessions so students have plenty of time to take notes and ask any questions. Although inclusion is about supporting learners’ needs. It is not always possible for teachers to do this without support themselves. All teachers should be aware of the limits of their own responsibility and know when and where to access support for learners. you will not be able to get students to solve all their own difficulties. Get to know and use your institutions student services or pastoral support system: it exists to support your students, and you, so do refer where it is appropriate† Petty 2004 There are many places of referral within education; these can be both internal within the education establishment or an external organisation. The internal places of referral may inc lude student support services, learner study support centre, and counselling and careers advice. If I had a student for example who needed help with writing their essay I would arrange for them to go to the learner study support centre who would be able to assist Learners with learning difficulties or disabilities may need additional support and may need a designated support worker to support them within the classroom. A learner with dyslexia may find it hard to read text or numbers or have difficulty with writing and spelling, therefore I would produce written hand-outs and allow learners with dyslexia to present their ideas verbally or tape notes if necessary. Political correctness is a commonly used term at the moment and is used to ensure that expressions do not cause offence to any particular group of people. There are also many external agencies where learners can be referred, and which agency they are referred to would depend on the individual’s needs of the learner. This may include health related issues, family difficulties, poor attendance, or repeated challenging behaviour. The purpose of referring a learner to an external support agency is to support an individual student and to help them overcome their difficulties which are impacting on their education. For example if I had a student who was constantly disruptive in class and had a record of aggressive behaviour I would refer them to the Pupil Referral Unit. They would help and encourage the learner to be involved in the learning process, but in a smaller environment where they be in a much smaller group (3-4 learners) and also receive one-to-one support. Functional skills such as literacy, numeracy and ICT can be easily integrated into my lessons. These activities will meet both literacy and numeracy standards but are more easily understood by the learner. An example of this would be an assignment covering salon duties. I would ask the students to produce a sales ledger for stock to be re-ordered from our supplier. This would include maths as the student would have to calculate the cost of goods and also the total value of the order, it would include English as the student needs to produce the document and ICT as the student would have to present it in a typed format. The best way to establish ground rules with my learners is to negotiate them. The rules should be appropriate and fair and agreed as a whole class. As a teacher, I would establish ground rules during the first session, and plan a short activity around this. The class could discuss what is expected of them and write the rules in small groups. I would also list a few ground rules and then negotiate them as a class. This gives all learners the opportunity to be included and involved and as they have decided on the rules they are also more likely to respect them. When establishing ground rules it is important to ensure they are clear and brief and start positively rather than with ‘do not’. Once the rules have been established I would ask the learners to write them on some flipchart paper and hang them up in the class so that they are visible to all. It is also important to reinforce the rules consistently and to phrase learners when rules have been adhered to. I feel this method would motivate learners and also model good behaviour. Some rules may not be able to be negotiated. For example when the students come into class they must be wearing their salon uniforms and hair must be tied back. As a teacher even though I have designed my lessons to meet everyone’s needs I still need to ensure that my learners are motivated and want to learn. Maslow (1970) argues that basic needs such a food, safety, love and belonging and self-esteem need to be met in order for them to achieve their goals and aspirations. Everyone is motivated through either Intrinsic (because they want to learn) or extrinsic motivators (because they have to i. e. better job prospects). â€Å"A good teacher will play to the strengths of the learner when trying to raise enthusiasm in learning† Wilson 2004 – page 188 Other theories of motivation that can be used to motivate learners include the goal orientated theory, based on desire to be rewarded for achievement. A learner is given a clear direction or task and when it is reached there is a reward. For example I would set a group task for my learners to complete within the lesson. If they finish before the end of the lesson they are allowed an early break. If they don’t complete the task at the by the end of the session they will have to complete as homework. Albert Bandura (1994) suggested that an individual’s belief in themselves and their ability is related to what they can achieve. An example of how this can be applied into the classroom is to encourage my learner to try, and re-explain the topic if they are unsure. Through coaching and reassurance I will enable that learner to achieve. Giving effective feedback will help to improve the confidence of learners and develop their potential. Feedback should be delivered promptly and be a two way process. I would ask the learner how they think they did and get an idea if their understanding of the topic. Even if I had negative feedback to give to my learner I would end with a positive statement to incite the learner to take my comments on board and leave them feeling more positive about their performance. To conclude I suggest that inclusive teaching can only take place if both equality and diversity are positively promoted. Inclusive teaching relies on a range of differentiation strategies which may include adapted resources or additional classroom support. Depending on individual learner needs, learners may need to be referred to internal or external places of referral for extra support. .

Influential Factors on a Juveniles Life - 1510 Words

There are numerous influential factors that can determine the path a juvenile takes in life. Research has consistently shown that a juvenile’s family setting is one of the most influential factors in the juvenile’s life (Hawkins, Herrenkohl, Farrington, Brewer, Catalano, and Harachi, 1998). A common finding among research has been that children from â€Å"broken homes† or single parent homes are more likely to become involved in delinquent behaviors (Tanner). Single parent homes are more often than not, headed by a working mother, living at or below the poverty level, primarily living in a community surrounded by other families in similar situations. Poverty and education are inextricably linked where education is a primary means of social mobility, enabling those born into poverty to rise in society. Powerful evidence of the link include the fact that 46 percent of Americans who grew up in low-income families but failed to earn college degrees stayed in the lowest income quintile, compared to 16 percent for those who earned a college degree (Freidman, 2012). Recent data from the Civil Rights Project show that school segregation is very high for Latino and Black students and that this segregation is almost always what Gary Orfield called â€Å"do uble segregation,† that is, segregation by both race/ethnicity and poverty. In the 2009–2010 school year, 74 percent of Black and 80 percent of Hispanic students attended schools where 50 to 100 percent of the students were minori ¬ties. InShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency Is A Great Issue Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pagesand for the betterment of the community. Parents will always have the most important role in the life of a juvenile. The parent and child relationship, whether positive or negative, is a significant factor in adolescent development. An adolescent will move through life from this primary relationship from childhood to adulthood and display what was taught to them in various ways throughout their life. As a result, parental involvement is now widely recognized as a crucial consideration for promotingRead MoreEssay about Effects of Influences3563 Words   |  15 PagesStatement of Problem Coming from the inner-city I have been exposed to many risk factors that affect a juveniles chances of becoming a delinquent or serious and violent offender. Intervention, however, can decrease the chances of a juvenile becoming delinquent. There are various protective factors that can buffer the impact of risk factors on a childs life. My mentor was the main source of protection from the risk factors of my childhood. Despite the fact that my family was not the positive influenceRead MoreThe Effects Of Parental Involvement On Children And Parental Criminal History2844 Words   |  12 Pagesinvolvement to a juvenile’s future and ask the question, are juveniles with distance or incarcerated parents more prone to delinquency themselves? If so, how do the four major sociological theories support this statement? Juvenile delinquency is defined as criminal acts committed by someone of the juvenile age, or under 21 (citation?). It is believed that juveniles have characteristics or factors in their lives that lead them to perform these delinquent acts. These factors leading to delinquencyRead MoreThe Causes of Juvenile Delinquency and Crime Essay1432 Words   |  6 Pagesbehavior results from that of the parent and peer influences. Parents play a particularly influential role in their child’s life and it is up to them to make sure that they are leading their sons or daughters in the right directions. A teen’s peers also play a large role in how the teen behaves when the parents are not around. A teen’s social environment, consisting of family and peers, plays a vital role in their life, therefore becoming the ultimate cause of juvenile delinquency. A finding that emergesRead MoreCja344 Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice2141 Words   |  9 PagesErickson, 2006, p. 67). Race and ethnicity play a significant role in juvenile delinquency. As we grow up we are and become a product of our environment. Race and ethnical background play huge roles in who we are, how we are raised and what kind of life we provide for ourselves. It would be very hard to say that every aspect of juvenile delinquency is because of race or ethnicity, but there is without an influence. Many people are not aware of the amount of serious crime that is committed by juvenilesRead MoreThe Juvenile Delinquency Is Rooted From Within Juvenile Delinquent Behaviors1823 Words   |  8 Pagesdelinquency, are known as risk factors, can be analyzed to understand why they may resort to joining a gang. Some of these risk factors are individual, family, peers, and environment, all of which can influence negative consequences and make the juvenile more susceptible to delinquent behavior. Youth experiencing some of these risk factors are considered at-risk-youth, and are more likely to consider participating or being associated with a gang. These risk factors contribute to the great prevalenceRead MoreCrime in the United States4022 Words   |  17 Pagesmany Americans, though, children invoke fear. They represent violence, a segment of society lacking in self-control and devoid of ethics and morals, and the failure of the family to instill traditional values, top among them being the value of human life and respect for others. Juvenile crime is a recurring problem in the United States (page 309)[2]. The increase in violent juvenile crime from the late 1980s to the early 1990s alarmed the nation2. This paper will focus on one of Boston’s toughest neighborhoodRead More14. . . . Should Juveniles Be Trial As An Adult?. By Mikerlange4083 Words   |  17 Pagesjuvenile offender may receive a few years in a juvenile detention facility and p ossibly probation following his release at age eighteen†. An adult committing the same violent crime will receive a much harsher penalty, often years in jail, possibly a life sentence, with little or no chance of parole or a chance of being released the only major difference between the two offenders is the age at which they committed the crime. Juveniles over the age of eighteen should be tried as adults when accused ofRead MoreJuvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act6750 Words   |  27 Pagesdelivery specifically structured for juveniles (Juvenile Law Center, 2014). The Act has promised the guaranteed treatment for youth in the American justice system. Since its landmark legislation, JJDPA has established a commitment to the wellbeing of juvenile’s criminal activity. JJDPA has also implemented strong juvenile justice practices, services, and activities that have deemed positive results to improve the lives of juvenile youth in the criminal justice system (Mu hammad, 2014). Decades of researchRead MoreInfluence Of International Culture On The Fashion Industry7108 Words   |  29 Pagesbecome an apparent theme and fiasco for people to express individualism through apparel, provoking an assortment of reactions. The attire typically emulates the social movements and societal stratifications that are befalling at the time. Standard of life and styles are powerfully inclined by the social composition fluctuations; such as innovation, technological revolution as well as inventive activities. Buying apparel has become reckless and unscrupulous; in terms of meeting the consumers demand

Radicalisation And Radicalization Of Terrorism - 1513 Words

For the past two decades, there has be in increase in international and domestic terrorism in the world. Due to major attacks such as the Oklahoma bombing and 9/11 has been the cause of this increase. Many other attacks had raised concerns of the use of modern technologies and the reality of radicalization of terrorism. Terrorism is one of the oldest tactics in history and yet one of the hardest to define. In a number of literature, it points out that terrorism is constantly evolving and it has been passed through different groups of terrorists. Schelling (1996) explains that the use of violence to terrorize the enemy is as old as human warfare. But there is a difference between more forms of terrorism and older forms of phenomenon.†¦show more content†¦For example, a terrorist believe the term radical is seen as a stereotype infringed by the enemy that is intended to vilify the aims and objectives that the terrorist deems to be justified and morally legitimate Borum ( 2004). One must take into account the predicament and ambiguity raised in these debates about who is terrorist. A radical terrorist would believe that the American government is the real terrorist. In understanding the world view of a radical, one must take into account how they perceive themselves. Also what contributes to the psychological, social and ideological makeup of a terrorist. In order to do so, one must define terrorism and radical. Terrorism is defined as a threatened use of force by a group or individual based and operating entirely within the United States or its territories without foreign direction committed against persons or property (Terrorism 2002- 2005: FBI). Terrorism has opened to numerous interpretations, most of them being from conflicting point of views. Understanding the term terrorism is often difficult from a semantic point of view. Understanding it require a holistic and sensibility and is more realistically achieve through a relative cultural, po litical, and historical understanding of this phenomenon. This associate itself with the complexity of understanding terrorism in the terms of its distinction of criminal activities. Townshend (2002)Show MoreRelatedThe History Of The North Atlantic Alliance1763 Words   |  8 Pagessole official use of NATO’s collective power through Article 5 to this date occured after the September 11th attacks on the United States, in which the allied force went to war in Afghanistan against Taliban and Al Qaeda, fortified Kabul from radicalization, trained counter-terror Iraqi soldiers, and prevented the spillover of terror outside the middle-east. This mission was concluded in 2014, and is NATO is now engaged in refining democracy and stability in the area within a peacekeeping capacity