The American Civil War Essay examples - 1207 Words

There were several primary causes that would eventually lead to one of America’s bloodiest war and now I will explain each one in further detail. One of the main issues that would spark tensions between the northern and southern states was their differing views on slavery. In the North the most prominent idea in peoples mind during the period before the war was the idea of free labor. (Perret 10) They believed that it emphasized economic opportunity in the northern states. (Perret 14) Many anti-slavery movements would soon begin in the northern states and gain great momentum within the 1830’s and 1840’s. What these movements aimed at doing was to change the way people worked and lived which would help the working class adapt to new†¦show more content†¦In Lincolns second inaugural he coined a famous phrase saying Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God, and each invokes His aid against the other. (Perret 48)Other problems would arise concern ing slavery such as which states would be admitted as free or slave states. Several compromises were made in order to avoid tensions rising such as the â€Å"Missouri Compromise†. Yet again we see later on by the repeal of this act by the â€Å"Kansas Nebraska† act that things remain unstable. Tensions would rise again when we acquired the new territories from Mexico. For several years it caused tensions with the South wanting slavery and the North opposed to it. Eventually the Compromise of 1850 would quell the tensions. A second issue that would spark tensions between the states that eventually would lead to war was the argument of states’ rights. The South would vigorously argue throughout the years before the war that the federal government’s authority was not above that of each individual state. (Mcpherson 25) This would mean the federal government was in violation of what the founding fathers created it to do. Many historians believe that this respo nse was elicited by the fact that the Northern population was growing so quickly that it would soon have control of the federal government. Before 1860 many of the presidents that had been elected were pro-south or they were indeed from the south. (Mcpherson 35) With the northShow MoreRelatedAmerican War And The American Civil War1551 Words   |  7 Pageswhich then caused the Southern states of America to decide to leave the American Union and create their own Southern Confederacy. This tore our nation apart. The American Civil War had begun and the very people that were once neighbors had each other’s blood on their hands. Many American lives had been lost. The American lives lost in the Civil War even exceeded the number of American lives lost during World War I and World War II. We were divided. The North wanted to reunite with the southern statesRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War was arguably the most important wa r in the history of the country. The War of Independence may have allowed American to become its’ own country, but the Civil War resulted in something even more important than that, the end of slavery in the southern states. All of the issues that caused the Civil war were based around slavery, such as states’ rights that involved how slavery would be handled in each state, and trying to preserve the Union since the south seceded from the northRead MoreThe American Civil War1296 Words   |  6 Pages The American Civil War, also known as the State’s War, was a conflict that arose mostly from the issue of slavery, but deep down was due to economic differences between the North and the South. The South seceded from the North and created their own self-government due to their belief in the lack of state’s rights versus the federal government and what they saw as a weakness in the Articles of Confederation. While the Confederacy of the United States depended on slave labor for their economy in regardsRead MoreThe American Civil War1418 Words   |  6 PagesGuns fired, smoke lingering in the air, people dying. The American Civil War had a huge impact on the United States. Two compromises took place before the start of the Civil War. These compromises include the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. The Missouri Compromise dealt with the crisis in 1819 over Missouri entering the Union as a slave state. The compromise was â€Å"the first major crisis over slavery, and it shattered a tacit agreement between the two regions that had been in placeRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1618 Words   |  7 Pages A Civil War is a battle between the same citizens in a country. The American Civil War was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the independence for the Confederacy or the survival of the Union. By the time Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1861, in the mist of 34 states, the constant disagreement caused seve n Southern slave states to their independence from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, generally known as the South, grew to include elevenRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1324 Words   |  6 PagesThere were many events that led to the cause of one of America’s most devastating war, the American Civil War. The American Civil War was an unfortunate war that cost more than the lives of six hundred thousand people. Events such as the Missouri Compromise, Kansas Nebraska Act, Dred Scott Decision, and the Election of Abraham Lincoln resulted in the four yearlong battles between the Northern and Southern states due to social and economic differences on the idea of slavery. In the 19th century,Read MoreThe War Of The American Civil War856 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery may have been established as the catalyst of the American Civil War, but the beginning of the dispute began in the time of the Revolution with a weak decentralized government under the Articles of Confederation. Later gained momentum as territorial expansion set Americans against each other on debating whether the new states should be slave states or free states, it questioned the power of the Federal government regarding state rights, and brought about instability in the unity of the UnitedRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War lasted from April 12, 1861 to May 9, 1865. It was the bloodiest war in American history, killing approximately 620,000 soldiers in total. The War was fought and won by the North, ensuring that all the United States would stay united and slavery would be illegal in The United States. However, history is one of the most complicated things in the world. It’s also one of the most important things in the world because history is what made the present possible. Historians have debatedRead MoreThe American Civil War878 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction A civil war is a prolonged high-intensity conflict between people, countries, or parties, which is usually barefaced and armed. Every war has its causes either acceptable or not and some are inevitable. Commonly, civil wars are between countries within a state. It results from one country aiming to make implementations on their governing policies or take control of certain areas within the state. 1Civil War refers to the American Civil War, which took place in the year 1861 to 1865Read MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1439 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the American Civil War began in the spring of 1861, those flocking to enlistment stations in states both north and south chiefly defined their cause as one of preservation. From Maine to Minnesota, young men joined up to preserve the Union. From Virginia to Texas, their future foes on the battlefield enlisted to preserve a social order, a social order at its core built on the institution of slavery and racial superiority . Secession had not been framed by prominent Southerners like Robert Toombs

Lord of the Flies Regression of Humanity Free Essays

Lord Of The Flies: Regression of Humanity To go backwards in life means to regress; This is shown excessively throughout the novel Lord Of The Flies by William Golding. It is about young boys who strive to stay civilized but ultimately regress back into a savage phase, where their primal needs for food and shelter dominate. The breaking of the conch shell and the use of face paint and spears demonstrate the regression of the boys which is caused by a lack of law and order, and therefore ends in total destruction of the island. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies: Regression of Humanity or any similar topic only for you Order Now The conch shell’s original purpose was to create rules in the boys’ lives, however it ends up being destroyed. During an argument between Jack, chief of the hunters, and Ralph, chief of the boys, they say; â€Å"The rules! ’ shouted Ralph. ’You’re breaking the rules. ’ ‘Who cares? ’ Because the rules are the only thing we’ve got! ’ ‘Bollocks to the rules! †(91). This proves that the shell is losing its power and authority to some, mainly Jack. Another example of the boys regressing is the breaking of the conch shell. When Piggy, an intelligent, but social outcast due to his weight, tries to stand up to Jack, the narrator explains how Roger, one of Jack’s many hunters, pushes a boulder on top of Piggy and Walker shatters the shell; â€Å"The rock struck Piggy a glancing blow from chin to knee; the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceased to exist†(181). This shows how the boys are willing to demolish whatever or whoever comes in their way because there is no law and order to stop them. The breaking of the conch is a sever sign of regression however, this problem is also caused by the use of face paint. The use of face paint to the boys is to hide their problems and create a new identity for themselves, however Jack chooses to use it in a different way. He explains to Roger what he chooses to use this mask for; â€Å"For hunting. Like the war. You know – dazzle paint†(63). This proves that Jack has given up on trying to stay civilized and regrets making that choice so he chooses to lie and portray a new Jack behind the painted on mask. The narrator also points out; â€Å"†¦the mask was a thing on its own, behind which Jack hid liberated from shame and self-consciousness†(64). This shows how Jack is upset at himself and chooses to use the mask to hide his emotions and problems from the others. The boys face many more issues regarding the face paint, however they also run into similar challenges when using the spears. The spears were merely, suppose to be for hunting, however the boys slowly start to lose sight of that and start using the spears for their own pleasure. Here is what happens when the narrator talks about one of their pig hunts; Here struck down by the heat, the sow fell and the hunters hurled themselves at her†¦Roger ran round the heap, prodding with his spear whenever pigflesh appeared†¦Roger found a lodgment for his point and began to push till he was leaning with his whole weight(135). Walker This shows how the boys, especially Roger, use the spears to fulfill their own satisfaction by torturing and killing this mother sow and in doing so they also kill her newborn piglets. The boys also use the spears when they decapitate the sow. The narrator says; â€Å"Jack held up the head and jammed the soft throat on the pointed end of the stick which pierced through into the mouth† (136-137). This shows that the boys are regressing because in civilization, they would never decapitate any creature or human. From little steps like the conch shell shattering, and the use of face paint and spears, the boys’ utter madness turns into total destruction of the island. The island is demolished because the survivors, who are now hunters, turn against Ralph and try to kill him the same way they killed the sow. To make it easier on themselves, Jack orders the hunters to set the island on fire, however this is ironic because by setting the island on fire, they caught the attention of a passing ship which was suppose to be the original purpose of building a fire. Works Cited Golding, William. Lord Of The Flies. New York, NY: The Putnam Publishing Group, 1954. Print How to cite Lord of the Flies: Regression of Humanity, Essay examples

International Business Analysis of the Macro Environment

Question: Discuss about the International Business Analysis of the Macro Environment. Answer: Introduction The present business report focuses on the features that are involved in the process of international business. With the advancement of globalization, the barriers of international trade have been neutralized and it is possible for the Multinational companies to expand their business territories in the market of many different countries. According to Hirst et al. (2015), the globalization of market and the globalization of different products have been the main driving force of globalization in all the major nations of the globe. In the current context all the major companies of the world has been successfully able to establish themselves as the major global brands. The two of the major types of international business includes the import and the export based types of business. In case of import based business, the sourcing of the supplies is done from the oversea areas. On the other hand, in case of the export based international business, the products or service is being delivered to the overseas customers. It is essential for an international company to deal with the political and economical conditions of a nation, where they are planning to do their business. Considering the legal matters is also one of the important parts of the international business. The local culture and lifestyles of the people of the nation also has a major impact on the business as it helps to decide the demand of a product. The current business report focuses on the Company named Tyson Food, which is an American based meat and food processing company and they are planning to expand their market in the Australian region. Brief Introduction to the Company The Tyson Foods Inc. is one of the leading multinational companies of the world that is considered to be one of the leading meat and food producing brands. It is an American based company, which has its headquarter in the Arkansas region of United States. The company is considered to be the worlds largest producers of beef, pork and chicken. It is also considered to be one of the largest exporter of all types of meat in the world and it is has a significant market share in the meat and food processing industry, in all the major nations of the world. The company was established in the year of 1930. In the early years the company has to struggle especially during the time of World War II, when there was shortage of food. Nevertheless, due to high level of cultural diversity within the company, they have been able to establish themselves as one of the leading meat and food processing brands of the world. The company is one of the leading procedure of meat and other poultry products in the world. In the fiscal year of 2013, the company has been able to invest $15 billion to all the independent farmers, who has been able to supply live stocks for the production of processed meat. There are more than 11,000 farmers, who are directly dependent on the company for the sale of their products ("Tyson Foods: Around the World", 2017). The company also has been working directly with the poultry farmers, and provides them with assistance regarding the increasing the rate of their production, which has allowed the company to meet the global demand of meat and other, processed foods. The use of the latest technology along with the findings in the advanced poultry products is being applied in all the poultry that has helped the company to increase the rate of production. The wide range of processed food and meat products that are available within the market has helped the Tyson Food Company to have wide range of market share in the respective domain. With the introduction of the processed foods, it is possible for the company to deal with the increased demand of foods within in all parts of the globe. The Tyson Foods is also the largest suppliers of meat to all the major fast food companies of the world including KFC, MacDonald and Dominos. Many of the major retail companies of the world including Wal-Mart and Kroger and many other small scale industries depends on Tyson Foods to get the supply of raw meat and other processed foods. Brief Introduction to the chosen country The Tyson Foods in the recent years have planned to expand their range of international business in the market of Australia. According to the report of the Australian International Business, the nation has been considered to be one of the best destinations of investments by the foreign companies. With effective support from the government of Australia all the major global brands have been get wide range of business opportunity and expand the business in the nation. With the change in the life styles among the people, the food habit of the people of the people of Australia has changed significantly in the recent years. More number of people is dependent of processed meat products that can easily be stored and used for longer period of time. With the advancement of food technology and better processing unit in the food industry, it seems to have a huge potential. During the present days, there are no major international companies in Australia that has been introduced the business processed meat and food. However, with the current trends of the people off Australia and their food habit style, the processed meat and food industry is one of the fastest growing sectors of the nation. As no major international brands have established the business in the Australian region, the Tyson Food Company has good opportunity to penetrate the industry in the consumer market of Australia. In spite of being one of the major producers of raw meat nations of the world, the meat processing industry of Australian has not been able to grow due to lack of investment in this sector. The domestic production of raw meat in the Australian region has witnessed tremendous improvement in the recent times, which provides sufficient opportunity for the meat processing companies to get sufficient supply of raw materials. The political, economic and the cultural background of the nation are highly responsible for the rate of success of the international business in the Australian region. With the help of the friendly business environment and high demand in the consumer market, it is possible for the Tyson Foods to make strong establishment in the region. Economic Analysis The Economic factor of a region is one of the primary determinants of factors that help in the process of international business of the multinational companies. The economic policies of a nation prepared by the respective governments that includes all the taxation policies have major impact on the international business that is being practiced by the multinational companies (Rahman Mamun 2016). The specific policies have includes all the major tax regulation rules that will help in the development process of the business. The rate of success of the international business and the level of profit that is earned by the international companies depends largely on the role played by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in making economic rules. The IMF has its base in 188 nations of the world and it is the duty maintain foster in the global economic condition of the world. With the help of the economic policies, it is possible to decide upon the foreign exchange rates, which decide upon the rate of conversion of the currencies from one nation to another. The international financial market plays a significant role in the controlling the international capital market of international business. The value of currency of Australia is totally dependent on the rate and the nature of the foreign exchange market in US and China. Australia being one of the developed nations of the world is known to have highly stable economic condition that can provide good opportunity for any multinational companies to expand their level of international business. Australia is considered to be one of the leading economic powers of the world with the net GDP value of AUD$ 1.62 trillion, which was considered to be one of 12th largest in the world. The rate of growth of GDP in 2016 was calculated to be 1.7%. With the occupancy of 68% of the total economic growth the service sector is the leading contributors to the economy of Australia (Hellwig McAllister 2016). In spite of the recent crisis of in the global financial and economical sectors, the economy of Australia has not witnessed any major setbacks. This stable economic condition of the nation has encouraged high rate of foreign cash flow in the nation. The International Monetary Fund has also predicted Australia as one of the major advanced economies in the world. The level of corruption is also one of the leading factors that help to decide upon the economic condition of a nation. With high level of corruption with the government administration of a nation, there is high chance of poor economic condition of the nation that is major barrier in the path of economic development. Hence, is important to have low rate of corruption in the market economy of a nation, which will help to deal with better position related to the international business. With higher rate of corruption within a nation the rate of business taxes that are charged by the government increases, thereby increasing the cost of the business. In Australia the tough and extreme form of laws have ensured that there are almost negligible loss of government from any forms of corruption, which has created a good condition for the international business. The Tyson Foods being one of the major American Multinational companies, it is possible for them to explore the business opportunities, which exist in the food and meat processing industries of Australia. The economic relation between the nations of United States and Australia also will help the Tyson Foods to easily expand in the consumer market of Australia and thereby have the capacity to deal with the all the business challenges that exists within the nations. The establishment of the company is also expected to boost the economic growth of the nation as it will help in the contribution of GDP by providing employment to the people of the nation. With the establishment of the food processing industry, the dairy and the poultries of Australia is also expected to have better rate of business as they will get regular source to sell their products at a standard level of price. Political and Legal Analysis The political factors are also one of the key deciding elements that decide level of success of international business. The policy made by the government of a region also plays a major part in encouraging the performance of international business. In Australia is of federal parliamentary type that is elected by the people. According to Evans et al. (2016), Australia is considered to be one of the politically stable nations of the world, which gives rise of healthy business condition and also encourages all forms of foreign industry to establish their business in the region. The parliamentary type of government in Australia has helped to establish a healthy legal system, which provides assistance to all types of business environment. The Government of Australia is administered under the guidelines of the Australian Constitution that was established in the year 1901. The stable political situation of the nation has also helped to deal with the free trade along with import and export si tuations. There is minimal amount of risks that is involved in the process of operating business in the consumer markets of Australia due to lower level of political risks that is involved in the process. The government of Australia has also set up a stable legal system of business that ensures that all the process of commercial transaction are done in free and fair manner. There are also specific set of laws that are aimed to support the international business and thereby encourages the foreign companies to invest more in the capital market of Australia (Caldicott et al. 2014). The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission was formed by the government of Australia, in order to deal with the all the hazards that are related to the legal matters of business. The competitive laws that is implemented by the government help to deal with the all the illegal actions that are related to gain competitive advantage in the consumer markets by the leading brands of the industry (Lucadou-Wells Bourke, 2015). There is also the Fair Trading Laws that helps to deal with all the trading of import and export business within the nations. The Australian Consumer Laws is also set to ensure that all the interests of the consumer groups are being protected. This will also help the consumers to take legal action against all types of fraud cases that a company imposes upon their buyers (Smith 2015). It is also the duty of the business organizations to ensure that they take full liability to ensure the safety level of the products and that no consumers are harmed by the use of the products. Hence, it is the duty of the Tyson Foods to ensure that they do not use any harmful preservatives in the food that has the potential to harm the health of the people. It is the duty of the business organizations also to ensure that they take care of the local environment. It is the duty of the Tyson Foods, to understand the legal guidelines related to the business operations of Australia, which will ensure that they are able to carry out free and fair process of business. Culture and Ethics Considering the fact that the considered organization Tyson Foods desires to expand their business in the forefront of Australia, it is essential to evaluate those cultural aspects which can possibly make potential impact on the business in future. In this context, it is required to mention that influencing factors or elements such as aesthetics, religion, education, attitude, values and language would play significant role in time of implementing the international business venture (Hoffman et al., 2014). Following the significance of the aforementioned aspects, it is essential to consider the differentiation between the applications of Hofstedes model of cultural dimension on Australia as well as on America. As per the Hofstedes model of cultural dimension of Australia, it seems that the country people have a high extent of optimism though their shared values are found out to be determined by a society that is masculine (Ng Metz, 2015). However, it is fortunate to note that the di mension is indicative of the fact that the power distance of the society is not high and most of the time, managers and employees share a flexible zone between them. It is fortunate to note that, like Australia, hierarchy is established based on convenience and similarly like Australia, Americas society is masculine, which means, as the Australians Americans are also proud of their success. Therefore, it can be said that it would not be culturally much difficult for the considered organization to expand its business in Australia. On the other hand, it is fortunate that in term of psychic distance for international business, the organization would not have to face any linguistic barrier (Caprar et al., 2015). It is because; both the foreign country and the host country have same linguistic background as both of them have English as their national language. It is to mention in this context that both of the countries have low context cultures, therefore it can be said that the organization has to prioritized verbal communication as well as has to consider the fact that Australians are culturally very punctual or time bound. Most significantly, the o rganization has to maintain a diverse workplace and should not ignore the fact that the racial and cultural discrimination level between indigenous and non-indigenous community is very high. Therefore, anti-discrimination policies should be determined considering the particular situation. Most significantly, in terms of consumer culture, the level of consumer boycott and consumer purchasing power is very high (Wood, 2015). Therefore, the organization has to consider these facts too. However, in terms of ethical obligation, it is understandable from the aforementioned discourse that in Australia, treatment of employees or other stakeholders are important needs to be maintained ethically. The organization should stay aware about issues like corruption and should consider the fact that the Australian government is very concerned regarding minimizing environmental hazards. Therefore, it has been found out that the Australian government follows environmental sustainability policy that includes, policy regarding use of energy, water use, waste recovery and policy on the use of material (Wood, 2015). Therefore, the considered organization has to oblige the policies outlined by the Australian government in order to pursue ethical business operations. Furthermore, it has been found out that the ethical priorities of Australian business is more concerned about the biodiversity, therefore Tysons main business operation, which is meat processing would probably has to face difficulties. It is because, the operations regarding the business of meat processing involves use of various chemicals and machines, which are not environment friendly. Most significantly, Australian policies regarding employment are highly concerned regarding labor payment and fair employee treatment. In order to pursue an ethical as well as successful business in the chosen foreign country, the organization would have to maintain the aforementioned aspects. Conclusion In order for a business organization to be establish as a successful international brand it is important for them to analyze the political, economic and legal aspects of the nation. In this case, the Tyson food company, who wants to expand their business in the Australian region and explore the opportunities that exist in the local market must explore the cultural and lifestyle of the local people, which will help them to meet the demand of the local people and thereby increase the reputation of the company. The rules of the international business that are set by the International Monetary Fund help to deal with all financial and economical conditions and help the international brands to deal with all the challenges. Reference Caldicott, R., Scherrer, P., Jenkins, J. (2014). Freedom camping in Australia: current status, key stakeholders and political debate.Annals of Leisure Research,17(4), 417-442. Caprar, D. V., Devinney, T. M., Kirkman, B. L., Caligiuri, P. (2015). Conceptualizing and measuring culture in international business and management: From challenges to potential solutions.Journal of International Business Studies,46(9), 1011-1027. Evans, M., Stoker, G. (2016). Political participation in Australia: Contingency in the behaviour and attitudes of citizens.Australian Journal of Political Science,51(2), 272-287. Hellwig, T., McAllister, I. (2016). Does the economy matter? Economic perceptions and the vote in Australia.Australian Journal of Political Science,51(2), 236-254. Hirst, P., Thompson, G., Bromley, S. (2015).Globalization in question. John Wiley Sons. Hoffman, W. M., Frederick, R. E., Schwartz, M. S. (Eds.). (2014).Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons. Lucadou-Wells, R., Bourke, J. F. (2015). Teaching Business Law: Some Ethical Dimensions from Australia.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,209, 102-108. Ng, E. S., Metz, I. (2015). Multiculturalism as a strategy for national competitiveness: The case for Canada and Australia.Journal of Business Ethics,128(2), 253-266. Rahman, M. M., Mamun, S. A. K. (2016). Energy use, international trade and economic growth nexus in Australia: New evidence from an extended growth model.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,64, 806-816. Smith, N. N. (2015). Thai and Australian foreign business law and the impact of the Thailand Australia FTA.J. Int't Com. L. Tech.,10, 22. Tyson Foods: Around the World. (2017).Tysonfoods.com. Retrieved 13 April 2017, from https://www.tysonfoods.com/our-story/around-the-world Wood, G. W. (2015). Communicating the ethos of codes of ethics in Australia's largest organizations: a reliance on osmosis. InProceedings of the 2000 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 425-429). Springer International Publishing.

The Now Wedding Final Project free essay sample

There was a tremendous amount of planning, organizing and tasks that needed to be accomplished for the â€Å"NOW† wedding to take place on time, in budget and for it to be perfectly memorable for everyone, especially Lauren and Conner. For Lauren to have the wedding that she dreamed of there were numerous tasks that needed to be accomplished immediately. The first task that needed to be accomplished was to secure the church and reception hall, until the address of the wedding is determined and secured the invitations could not be sent out. The invitations needed to be sent out a week before the couple decided to have the wedding to make sure that everyone could be there, however that was not an option. Dresses had to be made and altered as well as securing the wedding decorations, caterer and wedding party members. The major constraint the wedding couple faced was the time constraint, trying to pull all of the elements together in order to create the perfect wedding would have been difficult at best. We will write a custom essay sample on The Now Wedding Final Project or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The critical path is very tight and there could be no room for mistakes, misunderstandings, or delays. The resources required for this project were mainly people and money. The more people helping to bring all the elements together, the quicker everything could get done. The financial resources, controlled by the brides father, were necessary to move up the processing time especially where the brides dress was concerned. Figure 1. 1 utilizes a Gantt Chart to show the timeframe of the project to include sequencing of sub tasks: Fig 1. 1 [pic] The costs associated with the project are as follows: [pic] This risks for the budget are the following items: Maid of Honor Travel$1000. 00 Airfrieght 20. 00 Seamstress 240. 00 Invitation Incentive 20. 00 Invitations Help 40. 00 Possible Budget Overruns$1320. 00 The following fishbone diagram details all the current risks for the project: [pic] The method of tracking the progress of the â€Å"NOW† Wedding will be the Stop Light Chart, it is a very simple method of tracking what has been completed and what has yet to be started. Following is the Stop Light Chart which would be used at the beginning of the project: [pic] The â€Å"NOW† Wedding Case Study Questions Part A [pic] Creating the wedding schedule as outlined in the text it shows that the planning for the wedding should have occurred at least a month before it did. We would reduce the time it takes of the mother of the bride to put together the guest list by utilizing all available resources (manning) having all attendants present to create the list and a comprehensive address list (thereby minimizing the risk of one person having all this information). Invitations must be ordered on the 2nd of January with the guest list completed on the 1st. While the invitations are at print, the dresses would be designed on the 3rd with the materials being ordered immediately. The creation of a work flow chart would list out all of the tasks that must be completed assigning individual tasks to individual members of the wedding party. The budget needs to be set immediately and using the budget form above the wedding party has created the master list of objectives and goals. Utilizing the stop light will keep the project on track with constant updates as to the progress on each item. The Maid of Honor needs to be brought in immediately to participate in the planning and execution and to have measurements taken on sight to avoid the risk of the dresses not being made correctly. Part B There would be no conflict caused by the Chairman of the Vestry Committee not reducing the notice period from 14 to 7 days and I would not have recommended using the extra funds to reduce the notice period as the requirement for 14 days notice has been met by depositing the funds to secure the room on the 1st of January. Since the Wedding is scheduled for the 21st of January, there is no need to reduce the notice period. If the project were started on January 1, the Mother getting the flu would not have impacted the guest list completion as it would have been completed by January 2. Since this is the first stage of the entire project, the suggestions would have been made that the mother, bride and all of the attendants get together the night of the 1st and make a complete list. It is not until this list is completed that any plans can be made including ordering the invitations, cakes, catering, etc†¦ Since the invitations would have been ordered on the 2nd of January, the Bride would have had an xtra few days in the delivery of the invitations. The extra day for print would be compensated for by reducing the addressing phase and rather than asking for paid part-time help, there would be another get together on the night of the 9th to get all of the invitations addressed thereby reducing the number of days down to one. When the material and lace were lost in transit then the recommendation would be to have the Bride cancel the order, receive the funds back from the lost order and take all bridesmaids and Maid of Honor to a local bridal store and purchase dresses.

How to Write a Classification Essay in Education

How to Write a Classification Essay in Education First of all, let us define what a classification essay is. The paper is a type of college task that wants you, the author, to classify characters, things, ideas, events or objects into specific categories or groups. At first, the projects may seem quite daunting, but once you understand the process, you’ll get to realize that things aren’t that bad after all. There are three main goals why your college professor might want you to write a classification essay to: categorize certain topics; make sure a single arranging approach is being used everywhere; provide the variety of examples that belong to every cluster. The way you group things in your classification essay depends on their specific traits. Basically, you’re required to clarify the type of the evaluation principle to be used for categorization and grouping of the issues. If you’re writing a classification essay about education, you have a great assortment of subjects to talk about. We’ll discuss them later. Find Interesting Ideas Before you do the research part or write the essay, you have to get as many ideas as you can. If, for instance, your college professors wants you to produce a classification essay in education, but he or she doesn’t assign the specific topic, what are you going to write about? In order to provide you with a better idea of the essay, here are some classification essay titles for college and university students to serve as good examples: Types of Religions And Religious People; People’s Attitudes Towards Same-Sex Marriages; Types of Dictatorship Societies; Types of Ancient Literature; Types of Habits; Types of Dance Styles. As you can see, one may take any sort of idea that attracts his or her attention and turn it into a good topic. To make it a complete project, you will need to take a look at the topic from different angles and categorize it in various classes. If you have a task to write a classification essay in education, a preliminary research is the first step you should take. Pick the topic you’re passionate about. Then, find out what information related to it is available either online or in printed literature resources. Is it possible to get any ideas for classification? Is there a sufficient amount of important information available to support all of your arguments? If you choose a perfect topic and get enough material to work with, you’ll be inspired to manage your time well and write an A+ essay. The sector of education provides students with a lot of topics for every taste: Reasons for (Not) Attending College; Types of Lectures That You’re Likely to Meet on Campus; Methods of Studying for a Final Exam; Types of Students’ Vacation Destinations; Types of Students in College; Ways of Saving Money in College; Different Ways to Use Social Networking Websites for Education; Different School Systems Around the World; Different Forms of University Extracurricular Activities. Chances are classification essay topics on education may appear to be easier and effortless to deal with for college students. You have an opportunity to write an essay on classes, exams, lecturers, students, the teaching methods and so on and so forth. Write the Thesis Statement The thesis statement is the foundation for a classification essay. It should help your readers to understand the key point of the paper. In case with the classification essays, the thesis statement should identify the main approaches that the author is going to examine. The thesis sets a range of expectations for the readers that you have to meet in the paper later. The example of the thesis statement for the classification essay about ‘The Importance of College Education’ could be like this: ‘There are many benefits that make college education an important part of life, and this classification essay shall attempt to do classification of some of the advantages that a person can reap from a college education.’ Write a Classification Essay Outline Many students don’t like outlines and they skip this part at whatever cost. Don’t be like that. The point here is that you can’t keep the main point and logical flow of essay ideas in mind without a strong writing plan. An outline will keep you on track as your write your essay. It is recommended to use the five-paragraph structure to write a classification essay. It means that you have to decide on three different categories and follow the outline: The introduction with the thesis statement. The body paragraph 1 (Category 1) The body paragraph 2 (Category 2) The body paragraph 3 (Category 3) The conclusion The references To make sure you understand how it works, take a look at the example of the classification essay about social networking. You can use it as your own template. I. Introduction Social networks are among the most important elements of life in modern society. Due to multipurpose essence of the social networks, various ways of to use social networking websites for education have emerged recently. Thesis: The three main ways to use the social networking websites for education exist today: to maintain relations, as a valuable tool for online public discussions, and a professional tool that students use to market themselves and their products. II. Category I: To maintain relations For communication needs. To learn about social events. To get a sense of being part of peering network. III. Category II: A valuable tool for lecturers Lecturers post their assignments online. Students interact with the lecturers. Public discussions. IV. A professional tool for students Students promote themselves. Students market their products. Students contact potential employers. Focus on the Research Don’t skip this important step because you need as much information about your topic as possible. Do comprehensive research to make sure you have enough details needed to explain all categories you’re going to include in the essay. A good plan requires time, so make sure to have enough of it as well. You already know what categories you’re going to work on and you provided them in the outline. Now you have to be attentive and find as much information as you can about every category. When it’s time to cite authoritative and trustworthy resources in your classification essay, remember that by doing so you make your paper more credible. First of all, you will have to define or describe every category. Look for the right terms and definitions that are information, concise, clear, and proper in the area of education. Make a list of the general characteristics of all categories, as well as think about how you’re going to describe them in the essay. Chances are you will see that there are certain differences and similarities between every category. But when you work on the classification essay you are allowed to do some comparison-contrast. If you find some interesting ideas in the process of your research, do not forget to place every piece of information into your outline (the one we created above). However, you shouldn’t forget about keeping track of your resources. You will need to reference them later, which means it is important to be aware of where this or that idea was taken from. Write the Classification Essay: The Introduction, the Body and the Conclusion Now it’s time to start writing the classification essay. By this moment you’re done with all the preparation stages, which means writing an essay won’t be that difficult. You already have all information about education at hand. Besides, you’ve made a great outline. Now, all you have to do is to tie all elements together to make sure your essay turns into a well-set mechanism. The Introduction. Usually college students have no idea how to start the classification essay correctly. The introduction is provided for you to be able to identify the subject. You can’t talk about all the categories straight away. First of all, you have to state the overall concept that you’re getting ready to classify. To attract your readers’ interest, it is recommended to give some informative or descriptive details about your paper’s title. Then you insert your thesis statement and make sure that it explains the exact classification that you’ll talk about in the next paragraphs. The Body. How many categories are you going to provide in your classification essay? That’s how many paragraphs you should insert into your body. This type of essay doesn’t have to include five paragraphs just like the other standards projects. In this case you have to format the essay according to the number of categories that you’re going to write about. It’s better to not provide too many categories because they will make your essay unclear. It’s important to stay on-point and specific. Every paragraph should have a topic sentence as a starting point. This will help you identify the specific category. Then you will give more details to get into the specifics of the category. Don’t forget about the fact that all paragraphs in your classification essay should flow logically. In other words, one thing should lead to the other. For example, you may start with the most common facts and go on with less familiar things. Or you can do it straight vice versa: begin with the least effective things and proceed with the most effective ones. The key here is to make sure your text flows logically. Conclusion. Finally, you have to summarize all points that you’ve classified in your essay in a clear conclusion. It is important to go over various approaches and types that you mentioned in the paper. Besides, you can give some brief final comments on each, but ensure to remain non-repetitive. Do the Revisions of the Classification Essay It was definitely not an easy task to get to this point. You did a monotonous and in-depth research and precise writing. And it’s no wonder that you may decide to skip the editing work because you just don’t feel like you can cope with it. No matter how tempting it is for you to leave your classification essay just like that, you have to re-read it and revise. At this moment, your essay will be ready. If you get lazy and don’t revise it, you will provide an incomplete essay full of errors. This will negatively impact on your grades in general. You don’t want that, do you? Do the large review of your classification essay. You have to simply re-read your essay from beginning to end. Do you think that the essay content doesn’t flow logically and has some gaps? If yes, find more information to cover the gaps. If you see that one of your paragraphs in the body part is longer or shorter than the other paragraphs, do edit them. Make sure your message is clear. Eliminate all unnecessary words and complex phrases. Proofread the essay in order to make sure that it doesn’t contain any grammatical mistakes. The classification essay in education must be based on an understandable message and have a good organization. Without a doubt, the classification essay takes more efforts and time in contrast to the other types of academic projects. Nonetheless, the right outline and interesting topic give you enough space to express your creativity. Even though writing a classification essay in education may seem like another boring college task, you can make it really enjoyable if you use the right tips and recommendations.

Assessment of the Camel Cigarette Promotion and the Impact of Medical Doctors in Advertisements by Cigarette Companies

Assessment of the Camel Cigarette Promotion and the Impact of Medical Doctors in Advertisements by Cigarette Companies â€Å"More Doctors Smoke Camels†, But Does it Matter? An Analysis of Camel Cigarette Ads The 1940’s presented a far different version of America then we live in today, smoking was not only a widely accepted pastime, but many people didn’t even consider it a bad habit. While there were a few studies that had linked smoking to bad long-term effects they were few and far between and so, the habit was much more popular at the time. In 1946 the RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company produced a pro-Camel Cigarette Ad that seemed, at first glance, to be nothing more than a typical ad but upon closer examination it became clear that the ad used elements, such as a doctor, to give consumers a subconscious sense that purchasing Camels could actually benefit them somehow – almost as if the doctor were prescribing them Camels. The ad’s aesthetics create a medium where producers have highlighted certain features of their product as â€Å"important† whilst using misleading imagery to further their agenda of selling the product. The highlight of the ad seems to be the doctor, who dominates nearly half of the advertisement; his presence creates a sense of comfort and a false allusion of benefit to purchasing Camel cigarettes. As a typical consumer would you not assume that, â€Å"if doctors think it’s ok, it’s probably ok†? The use of a doctor almost implies that, as is his job, the doctor is prescribing the Camel’s to the consumers viewing the ad. Along with the doctor the ad includes a section that describes the study conducted and it’s results. These results are simple white text on a black background, so they pop, and a pack of camel cigarettes are featured next to the textual blurb, as a means to simultaneously show the consumer what a pack of Camels looks like, and to remind the consumer they are looking at a Camel ad. Lastly, in what seems to be an effort to broaden their market, the ad includes a female who references her â€Å"T-Zone†, a makeup term that is aptly reapplied to suit the producers need to sell cigarettes, but still has ties to the doctor and how he may influence women in their purchasing of cigarettes. Overall the ad uses very basic methods to appeal to those who don’t plan on further analyzing the ad and its content. The doctor used in the Camel cigarettes ad seems to communicate a sense of comfort and lull the average consumer into a state of ease, as most people would believe that what a doctor claimed to be true was true. Visually the doctor in the ad is what one would describe as the â€Å"typical wise man†. He’s old, as notable by his old, wrinkled appearance, and his greying hair. His age would imply he’s been a doctor for a significant period of time and not a newcomer to the field, and this, would further indicate that his opinion is based on years of experience, which ads further validity to what he is saying. Comparatively, the doctor is drawn in a much more detailed manor than the other character, the woman, featured on the ad as is expected due to the fact that he is the true focal point of said ad. His wrinkles are defined and his skin has a much more natural gradient – again, adding to the overall notion that this doctor and the fact that he is an experie nced doctor, are part of marketing these cigarettes. On top of visually portraying the doctor as a wise and astute man, the text bubble that accompanies the doctor refers to doctors as, â€Å"one of the busiest men in town† and â€Å"a scientist, diplomat, and friendly sympathetic human being†, each of which carry positions of influential power towards the consumer. A scientist’s opinion might be trusted when possible effects of the cigarette are being debated, a diplomat when logistics and cigarette sales are being debated, and a sympathetic human being’s when one is simply looking for a friends advice. The ad uses the doctor as a means to create someone that the typical consumer can trust, sympathize with, and believe, in doing so they also create the ideal person or people to market their Camel cigarettes. In terms of marketing for the specific brand of cigarettes, Camels, the ad places them in a variety of eye-catching places to draw, what one would assume to be, the first glance of the consumer. One cigarette sits in the doctor’s hand, and although it isn’t marked as a Camel cigarette it is still drawn to stand off of the background. Despite the fact that the doctor is wearing a white coat, the contrast between the white cigarette and the coat is still quite high, as to further highlight the cigarette. The name â€Å"Camel† is once again mentioned in large font below the image of the doctor in the tagline, â€Å"More Doctors Smoke Camels Than Any Other Cigarette†, not only does the tagline further support the claim that doctors are being used to persuade buyers to purchase cigarettes – note the bolded â€Å"M.D.† But it also shows that the Camels, although the product being sold, are secondary to the message. After appearing several times in the text blurb at the bottom of the ad the â€Å"Camel† cigarettes again pop up in the form of an image next to the aforesaid blurb. Yet again the cigarettes – now specially marked as Camel – stand out against the white background they are set on, despite the fact that they to are white cigarettes. As a whole, the ad highlights the cigarettes, specifically camels, as something good and worthwhile that a doctor might prescribe with his thoughtful and informed opinion. In an effort to broaden their market the ad includes another â€Å"mini-ad† in the bottom right corner. The mini-ad features a woman holding a cigarette – that once again is highlighted from both her and her background – to market the cigarettes to other women. â€Å"Your T-Zone Will Tell You/T for Taste/T for Throat†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is how the ad goes about expanding its influence with the T-Zone referencing a commonly used term when amongst women who frequently use makeup. However, unlike the makeup T-Zone, the ad moves the T-Zone downward to include the mouth and the throat in an effort to associate women as a whole with smoking and not correct application of makeup. Although it may seem disconnected at first, the mini-ads reinforcement of the fact that Camel’s won’t affect your throat is something a doctor would back, furthering the notion that the doctor, although not highlighted in this sector of the ad, plays an integral role in why Camelâ€⠄¢s are the best cigarettes to smoke. This Camel cigarette ad falsely uses the pedestal many place doctors and their opinions on as a means to promote their cigarettes to a larger audience. Seeing as the ad is from 1946 it’s consequences are already known to the world we live in today, we now know that smoking causes a plethora of issues in ones later life and cigarette smoking is far from a commonly accepted pastime. In terms of the this specific Camel cigarettes ad and how it may have played a role in changing society it would seem that, due to their misperception, many people were duped not only into buying cigarettes, but specially Camel cigarettes. With this notion in mind one could also adopt the idea that those who purchased the Camel’s on the â€Å"doctors orders† may have eventually developed a mistrust in doctors due to the repercussions of smoking. The RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company’s Camel cigarette ad uses doctors, their trustworthy nature, and their position of power amongst the average consumer to market their Camel cigarettes as the best on the market. The ad, produced in the 1940’s, uses the already widely recognized pastime of smoking cigarettes, and the extensively accepted notion that people trust doctors, particularly those with experience, to market and sell their cigarettes as the best on the coattails of a doctor-like prescription.

Categories of Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Categories of Crime - Essay Example As stated previously, criminal law differs from civil law in that it requires an agent of the government, whether state or federal, to charge someone accused of a crime and prove that they are guilty of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Except in cases where the accused has foregone, or waived, his right to a trial by a jury, the decision of guilt or innocence must be determined by a jury of his or her peers, usually a twelve-person group of randomly selected citizens that have no knowledge of the crime that the defendant has committed (American Bar Association, 2011). This is to help protect the accused by forcing the jury to make a decision of guilt or innocence based on what they hear in the courtroom, not what they have read, heard, or seen somewhere else (American Bar Association, 2011). The two most common types of crimes prosecuted in state courts involve felonies and misdemeanors. Felonies are the more serious of the two, and usually come with a penalty of no less than 12 months in prison, and can be punishable by death in some states (Cornell University Law School, 2010). ... After the War for Independence, a push was made for less of a harsh legal system, and through the years certain crimes have undergone evolution. For example, murder was split into two categories, and a bill was duly passed by the 1794 Pennsylvania legislature to include felony murder in the category of first-degree murders (McClain, and Kahan, 2002). Other crimes as well, such as the actions that constitute a misdemeanor, have seen their own evolution through the legal system since colonial times (McClain, and Kahan, 2002). Espionage and treason differ from felonies and misdemeanor crimes in that they are most often considered federal crimes, and as such are usually tried in a federal court, not by state courts. As per the Federal Judiciary System, the federal courts are involved because the United States is quite often the party in the case. Even in cases of industrial espionage, or trade secrets, it is a federal crime made so by the Economic Espionage Act of 1996, in which two sect ions, according to the House of Representatives and Title 18 of the United States Code, criminalized the act of both foreign economic espionage, and commercial economic espionage. Espionage, according to the Miriam-Webster Dictionary, is defined as â€Å"the practice of spying or using spies to obtain information about the plans and activities especially of a foreign government or competing company†, while according to the Constitution, treason is an act of war against levied one’s own country (U.S. Government Printing). More specifically, it is defined in modern times by the U.S. Code, Title 18, which states, in part, that whoever has allegiance to the United

Market Analysis and Prospects for Timber Buildings in The Developing Essay

Market Analysis and Prospects for Timber Buildings in The Developing World - Essay Example The rapid growth in industrialization, urbanization and civilization brought many problems by which not only human beings but also all the other livening things are suffering and our entire planet has come in danger. It has been now the major priority to save our planet from being deteriorated. In such a situation before creating anything the environmental factor is taken into consideration. Construction line is also not at all exceptional. Today as all of us are acquainted with the drawbacks of the concrete or steel buildings, it has become necessary to think the other alternatives which the environment also will accept and it won’t be harmful to the environment. The research paper aims at investigating how beneficial it will be to use the timber in constructing the buildings. The objective of this research therefore is to study different benefits of using timber in building material. It is also the aim of this research to find out the profitability in using timber for constructing the buildings and houses in rural and urban areas in developing world. For this the scientific, ecological benefits are analysed and the future market of timber buildings is also focussed. The project represents a significant portion of the final year work of a degree programme. Progress during the year and the final report are both used as part of the assessment process. For this 150 hours have been spend in research and preparation of the final report. The topic for the research project is the â€Å"Market Analysis and Prospects of Timber Buildings in Developing World.† Timber has been an ideal material for building. Historically it is proved that wood has an inherent strength and durability and that is why it is an ideal material for building. Today when the architects and engineers plan to build the buildings they look at timber as their preference. In ancient time the man used to build the houses made by the Lignocelluloses

Finance 3301 questions Essay Example for Free

Finance 3301 questions Essay Broussard Skateboard’s sales are expected to increase by 15% from $8 million in 2012 to $9. 2 million in 2013. Its assets totaled $5 million at the end of 2012. Broussard is already at full capacity, so its assets must grow at the same rate as projected sales. At the end of 2012, current liabilities were $1. 4 million, consisting of $450,000 of accounts payable, $500,000 of notes payable, and $450,000 of accruals. The after-tax profit margin is forecasted to be 6%, and the forecasted payout ratio is 40%. Use the AFN equation to forecast Brous- sard’s additional funds needed for the coming year. Required increase in assets – Increase in spontaneous liabilities – Increase in retained earnings = AFN AFN=($5/$8)*$1. 2 – ($1. 4/$8)*$1. 2-$9. 2*6%*(1-40%)=0. 75 0. 21 – 0. 33=21% Chapter 10 Tony Company’s balance sheet shows $300 million in debt, $50 million in preferred stock, and $250 million in total common equity. Tony Company`s tax rate is 40%, rd =6%,rPS =5%,andrs =10%. If Tony Company get capital structure of 30% debt, 5% preferred stock, and 65% common stock, what is its WACC? Wd=30% ; Wps=5%; Ws=65% WACC=Wd*rd*(1-T)+Wps*rps+ws*rs=30%*6%(1-40%)+5%*5%+65%*10%=0. 0108+0. 000125+0. 065=7. 59% What kinds of the T-bonds is the best proxy for the risk-free rate is the yield on? Answer: A A, long-term B, short-term C, No one Chapter 11 A company creates value when the spread between EROIC and WACC is positive—that is, when Answer: B A, EROIC ? WACC = 0 B, EROIC ? WACC 0; C, EROIC ? WACC

Embryonic and Adult Stem Cell Research Essay -- Exploratory Essays Res

Embryonic and Adult Stem Cell Research With the advent of a wide variety of scientific advances in the medical field, especially those improvements in health-related fields, the quality of life for the earth’s inhabitants has improved greatly over the past century. Scientists continue to improve upon current knowledge and expand the field of medicine. Over the past few years, scientists have performed significant research pertaining to the study of stem cells. Many researchers see potential in the manipulation of stem cells - possible treatments for currently incurable diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s (Goldstein). With these new discoveries, though, questions as to the morality of such practices arise. While few find an ethical problem with the processes involved in adult stem cell research, the destruction of thousands of helpless embryos is wrong and cannot compensate for the potential benefits of embryonic stem cell research, namely some saved lives. There currently exist two primary methods of obtaining stem cells, or generic cells that have the potential to differentiate into more specialized cell types. Most stem cell research is done with embryonic stem cells. When the sperm and the egg combine in the fertilization process, a single zygote cell forms. This cell contains all the same genetic information as every cell in a fully developed human. The only difference is that this zygote has no special function, except to divide multiple times. These other cells that come about as a result of cell division eventually specialize into every type of cell in the body. Because embryonic stem cells have not taken on a specific purpose, they can be manipulated to form the type of cell desired, based on the environm... ... Center for Bioethics and Human Dignity. "Embryonic Stem Cell Research is Unethical." Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center 2003. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale Group. 18 October 2003. <http://www.galenet.comk/servlet/OVRC> Goldstein, Lawrence S.B. "Human Stem Cell Research is Ethical." Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center 2003. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale Group. 18 October 2003. <http://www.galenet.comk/servlet/OVRC> Jordan, Craig T. and Van Zant, Gary. "The Biology of Stem Cells." The Biomedical Engineering Handbook. 2nd ed. 2000. Sullivan, Andrew. "Early Human Embryos are Human Beings." Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center 2003. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale Group. 18 October 2003. <http://www.galenet.com/servlet/OVRC> Weise, Robert. Playing God - Redesiging Life. Ed. Edward Engelbrecht. St. Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House, 2002. Embryonic and Adult Stem Cell Research Essay -- Exploratory Essays Res Embryonic and Adult Stem Cell Research With the advent of a wide variety of scientific advances in the medical field, especially those improvements in health-related fields, the quality of life for the earth’s inhabitants has improved greatly over the past century. Scientists continue to improve upon current knowledge and expand the field of medicine. Over the past few years, scientists have performed significant research pertaining to the study of stem cells. Many researchers see potential in the manipulation of stem cells - possible treatments for currently incurable diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s (Goldstein). With these new discoveries, though, questions as to the morality of such practices arise. While few find an ethical problem with the processes involved in adult stem cell research, the destruction of thousands of helpless embryos is wrong and cannot compensate for the potential benefits of embryonic stem cell research, namely some saved lives. There currently exist two primary methods of obtaining stem cells, or generic cells that have the potential to differentiate into more specialized cell types. Most stem cell research is done with embryonic stem cells. When the sperm and the egg combine in the fertilization process, a single zygote cell forms. This cell contains all the same genetic information as every cell in a fully developed human. The only difference is that this zygote has no special function, except to divide multiple times. These other cells that come about as a result of cell division eventually specialize into every type of cell in the body. Because embryonic stem cells have not taken on a specific purpose, they can be manipulated to form the type of cell desired, based on the environm... ... Center for Bioethics and Human Dignity. "Embryonic Stem Cell Research is Unethical." Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center 2003. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale Group. 18 October 2003. <http://www.galenet.comk/servlet/OVRC> Goldstein, Lawrence S.B. "Human Stem Cell Research is Ethical." Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center 2003. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale Group. 18 October 2003. <http://www.galenet.comk/servlet/OVRC> Jordan, Craig T. and Van Zant, Gary. "The Biology of Stem Cells." The Biomedical Engineering Handbook. 2nd ed. 2000. Sullivan, Andrew. "Early Human Embryos are Human Beings." Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center 2003. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale Group. 18 October 2003. <http://www.galenet.com/servlet/OVRC> Weise, Robert. Playing God - Redesiging Life. Ed. Edward Engelbrecht. St. Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House, 2002.

Creatinine Lab

Title: Creatinine Assay Aim: To determine the creatinine clearance of a selected undiluted urine samples by graphical extrapolation from a creatinine curve. Materials and Apparatus: University of the West Indies: Department of Basic Medical Sciences Laboratory Manual: BC35A, Creatinine Assay, pages 6-8, 2012 Changes to the Method: The experiment utilized one undiluted urine samples for concentration determination instead of five aliquots of twenty four hour urine samples.The urine sample and standard creatinine solutions were analyzed spectrophotometrically approximately five minutes after they were made up instead of using the allotted time interval (minutes) as suggested by the laboratory manual. Results: Please see attachments. Discussion Creatinine is a chemical waste molecule that is generated from muscle metabolism. It is an anhydride of creatine, the end product of phosphocreatine metabolism; measurements of its rate of urinary excretion are used as diagnostic indicators of ki dney function and muscle mass. The experiment utilized serum creatinine.Creatinine is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys (glomerular filtration). There is little tubular reabsorption of creatinine. If the filtering of the kidney is deficient, creatinine blood levels rise. Therefore, creatinine levels in blood and urine may be used to calculate the creatinine clearance which reflects the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The GFR is clinically important because it is a measurement of renal function . A more complete estimation of renal function can be made when interpreting the blood (plasma) concentration of creatinine along with that of urea.BUN-to-creatinine ratio (the ratio of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine) can indicate other problems besides those intrinsic to the kidney; for example, a urea level raised out of proportion to the creatinine may indicate a pre-renal problem such as volume depletion. The typical human reference ranges for serum creatinine are 0. 5 to 1. 0 mg/dl (about 45-90 ? mol/l) for women and 0. 7 to 1. 2 mg/dl (60-110 ? mol/L) for men. While a baseline serum creatinine of 2. 0 mg/dl (150 ? mol/l) may indicate normal kidney function in a male body builder.The experimental creatinine levels obtained for the undiluted sample of creatinine is ____________, the values obtained are significantly higher than the normal creatinine values for a healthy male or female. Factors that may contribute to the elevated levels of serum creatinine may include; a disorder of the kidneys and impaired renal function. These disorders include glomerulonephritis characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels in the kidneys, bacterial infection of the kidneys or pyelonephritis and acute tubular necrosis, or cell death in the kidneys' small tubes caused by toxic substances.Obstruction of the urinary tract, such as with prostate disease or kidney stones, can also cause impaired kidney function and lead to elevated creatinine levels. Increased muscle ma ss indicates increased creatine phosphate, which translates to increased creatinine levels in the blood. Acromegaly and gigantism are disorders caused by abnormality of the pituitary gland and can be associated with increased muscle mass also the ingestion of steroidal substances that stimulates an increase in muscle mass.When medical conditions affect normal blood flow to the kidneys, renal function becomes impaired thus increasing creatinine levels in the blood. Shock, or a sudden critical drop in blood flow to the body, compromises renal status because the kidneys are not being nourished. Dehydration causes reduced renal blood flow, as well. In people with congestive heart failure, the heart is not adequately pumping blood towards the kidneys and other organs. Atherosclerosis, or narrowing of the arteries, and diabetic nephropathy are other conditions that reduce blood flow to the kidneys.Precautions/Sources of Error: 1. The experiment utilize spectrophotometric machines that are susceptible to light interfence from the external environment and interference from glassware that is not properly cleaned, this may cause inaccurate readings. 2. Contamination of serum standard solutions of creatinine may give inaccurate readings when using the spectrophotometric machines, hence contamination should be prevented by using clean glassware and wearing all the protected clothing that is applicable. Questions a) Factors that may contribute to varying creatinine levels include: (1)The most common abnormality in a creatinine blood level is a change in kidney function. The kidneys are composed of around a million filters for each kidney, called nephrons. Each of these nephrons contains tubular structures that accomplish the filtering of waste materials and the re-absorption of necessary materials in the blood that passed through the nephrons. Most creatinine is normally filtered out along two structures called the glomerulus and proximal convoluted tubule, maintaining the low levels of creatinine in the blood.A rise in creatinine blood levels indicates that this filtration is not taking place, suggesting there is a problem with kidney function. (2) Creatinine levels can be affected by transient or non-disease factors that are not kidney malfunction. Bodybuilders, because of the excess of muscular tissue that creates creatinine, will typically have high levels of creatinine. Severe dehydration will cause higher than normal creatinine. Eating a great deal of meat just hours before blood is drawn can elevate creatinine levels.Some drugs will cause higher than normal creatinine blood levels. These causes are ruled out before a follow up test to determine the cause of elevated creatinine. Low creatinine levels may indicate muscular dystrophy or myasthenia gravis. (3) Preeclampsia is a condition during pregnancy, the cause of which is poorly understood. Elevated creatinine may indicate preeclampsia in pregnant women, especially women on their first pregna ncy. Untreated preeclampsia can lead to eclampsia, a life-threatening seizure disorder.Elevated creatinine in conjunction with swelling of the hands and face is an early sign of preeclampsia. Later signs may include persistent headache, pain in the upper-right quadrant of the abdomen, inadequate urination, agitation and nausea. 2b) The amount of creatinine the body produces each day depends on the person's muscle mass: a young, muscular man produces more creatinine than a average non athletic male. Because muscle mass normally changes very little, creatinine is usually produced at about the same rate every day in each person.However, if continuous exercise is performed as in the case of an athlete the muscle employs the creatine phosphate metabolism more often and hence more creatine and creatinine is metabolized which will eventually increase the muscle mass of the individual. Athletes may also ingest creatine which will stimulate the production of creatinine in the body and will c ontribute to an increase in muscle mass. 2c) The blood urea test is a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea, and a measurement of renal function.Urea is a by-product from metabolism of proteins by the liver and is removed from the blood by the kidneys. The liver produces urea in the urea cycle as a waste product of the digestion of protein. Normal human adult blood should contain between 7 to 21 mg of urea nitrogen per 100 ml (7–21 mg/dL) of blood. BUN is an indication of renal health. Normal ranges 2. 5-6. 5mmol/L. If Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and blood volume then BUN will increase. Conclusion The experimental results indicate that there was a elevated serum creatinine level that was above the normal levels.Elevated serum concentration may indicate impaired liver function. The serum creatinine level was found to be ______________. References 1. Delanghe J; De Slypere JP, De Buyzere M, Robbrecht J, Wieme R, Vermeulen A (Aug 1989). â€Å"N ormal reference values for creatine, creatinine, and carnitine are lower in vegetarians†. Retreived October 3, 2012. 2. â€Å"The creatine-creatinine equilibrium. The apparent dissociation constants of creatine and creatinine. Retrieved October 3, 2012. 3. â€Å"International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: creatine supplementation and exercise†. October 3, 2012.

Lifestyle Choices and Our Health

As days go by, almost everyone living today gets involved in activities that make us either healthy or unhealthy. Continuing to engage in some habits day in and day out can take a substantial amount of time off of one’s life. Some of these habits can have a positive impact on one’s health system, being it physical or mental, while others can affect one’s health system negatively. In this paper, I will be writing on how our daily habits can affect our mental and physical health negatively. First of all, mechanization and heavy dependence on technology is one of the common ways, probably for all humans, which has a negative effect on the human health system. We rarely give a second thought when we turn on a microwave or turn on the television as we sit down for dinner. These common practices are commonly seen in most families. If I may ask, is it a good practice? I asked one of my instructors at school who made it clear to me that, these families don’t just consume electricity, but also have many adverse effects on their physical and mental health. If you find yourself eating and watching television at the same time, the rate at which you consume is greater which at some point in time becomes very difficult to go to bed at night. And as many of us know, improper sleeping habits cause results in many of our health problems. Secondly, failure to exercise is also another problem many of us face today. Physical activities are absolutely necessary to our overall health. And because our physical and mental health is so interconnected, they affect one another directly. When our physical health deteriorates, our mental health does the same. Our mood and our brain’s mental capabilities are therefore affected by lack of exercise. Regular exercising which helps to maintain and build muscles, and also fight against diseases is very necessary for every human and should be practiced continuously. Thirdly, smoking has also been known to be one of the dangers which affect the human health negatively. Very few people are unaware of the dangers of smoking. Yet surprisingly, many are engaged in this deadly habit. Infertility, low birth weight, sudden infant birth and many more, are some examples of the negative effects that one is likely to contact if he or she has a habit of smoking. Those who quit smoking see changes almost immediately and it also helps them live longer. In conclusion, many of our daily activities can cause our death prematurely. Many of those who don’t die prematurely have a very bad health system which makes them almost uncomfortable every day. I therefore advise everyone to get involved in activities that help to improve one’s physical and mental abilities positively.

Oversimplification and Exaggeration Fallacies

Oversimplification and Exaggeration Fallacies Fallacy Name:Oversimplification and Exaggeration Alternative Names:Fallacy of Reduction Fallacy of Multiplication Category:Faulty Causation Explanation The causation fallacies known as oversimplification and exaggeration occur whenever the series of actual causes for an event is either reduced or multiplied to the point where there is no longer a genuine, causal connection between the alleged causes and the actual effect. In other words, multiple causes are reduced to just one or a few (oversimplification) or a couple of causes are multiplied into many (exaggeration). Also known as the reductive fallacy because it involves reducing the number of causes, oversimplification seems to occur more often, perhaps because there are so many ostensibly good reasons for simplifying things. Well-intentioned writers and speakers can readily fall into the trap of oversimplification if they are not careful. One impetus for simplification is the basic advice given to all who want to improve their writing style: dont get bogged down in details. Good writing needs to be clear and precise, thus helping people to understand an issue rather than confusing them even more. In the process, however, a writer can easily leave out too many details, omitting critical information which needs to be included. Another important impetus which can lead to oversimplification is the overuse of an important tool in critical thinking: Occams Razor. This is the principle of not assuming too many factors or causes for an event than are necessary and is often expressed by saying the simpler explanation is preferable. Although it is true that an explanation should be no more complicated than necessary, one must be very careful not to construct an explanation which is less complicated than necessary. A famous quote attributed to Albert Einstein states, Everything should be made as simple as possible, but no simpler. Examples and Discussion of Oversimplification Here is an example of oversimplification which atheists often hear: 1. School violence has gone up and academic performance has gone down ever since organized prayer was banned at public schools. Therefore, prayer should be reintroduced, resulting in school improvement. This argument obviously suffers from oversimplification because it assumes that problems in schools (increasing violence, decreasing academic performance) can be attributed to a single cause: the loss of organized, state-mandated prayers. A myriad of other factors in society are completely ignored as if the social and economic conditions havent changed in any relevant way. One way to reveal the problem in the above example is to reword it slightly: 2. School violence has gone up and academic performance has gone down ever since racial segregation was banned. Therefore, segregation should be reintroduced, resulting in school improvement. Presumably, there are racists around who would agree with the above, but very few of those who make the argument in #1 will also make the argument in #2 - yet, they are structurally the same. The reasons for both examples of oversimplification is actually another Causation Fallacy, known as Post Hoc Fallacy. In the real world, events typically have multiple, intersecting causes which together produce the events we see. Often, however, such complexities are difficult to understand and even more difficult to change; the unfortunate result is that we simplify things. Sometimes that isnt so bad, but sometimes it can be disastrous. Sadly, politics is one field where oversimplification occurs more often than not. 3. The nations current lack of moral standards was caused by the poor example set by Bill Clinton when he was president. Granted, Clinton may not have set the best example imaginable, but it isnt reasonable to argue that his example is responsible for the morality of the entire nation. Once again, there is a wide variety of different factors which can influence the morality of individuals and groups. Of course, not all examples of oversimplification identify as the cause something which is completely irrelevant: 4. Education today isnt as good as it used to be - obviously, our teachers are not doing their jobs.5. Since the new president took office, the economy has been improving - obviously he is doing a good job and is an asset to the nation. Although #4 is a rather harsh statement, it cannot be denied that teacher performance does impact the quality of education which students receive. Thus, if their education isnt very good, one place to look is teacher performance. However, it is a fallacy of oversimplification to suggest that teachers are the sole or even primary cause. With #5, it should also be acknowledged that a president does impact the state of the economy, sometimes for better and sometimes for worse. However, no single politician can take sole credit (or sole blame) for the state of a multi-trillion dollar economy. A common reason for oversimplification, especially in the political realm, is a personal agenda. It is a very effective means for either taking credit for something (#5) or for placing blame on others (#4). Religion is also a field where oversimplification fallacies can be readily found. Consider, for example, a response which is heard after anyone survives a major tragedy: 6. She was saved through Gods help! For the purposes of this discussion, we should ignore the theological implications of a god who chooses to save some people but not others. The logical problem here is the dismissal of all the other factors which contribute to a persons survival. What about the doctors who perform the life-saving operations? What about the rescue workers who spend insane amounts of time and money in the rescue effort? What about the product manufacturers who made the safety devices (like seat belts) which protect people? All of these and more are causal factors which contribute to the survival of people in accidents, but they are too often ignored by those who oversimplify the situation and attribute survival to just a single cause: the Will of God. People also tend to commit the fallacy of oversimplification when they simply dont understand what they are talking about. This is a common occurrence in science debates because so much of the material can be comprehended best only by experts in specialized fields. One place where this is seen quite often are the arguments some creationists offer against evolution. Consider this example, a question which Dr. Kent Hovind uses in an attempt to prove that evolution isnt true and isnt possible: 7. Natural selection only works with the genetic information available and tends only to keep a species stable. How would you explain the increasing complexity in the genetic code that must have occurred if evolution were true? For someone unfamiliar with evolution, this question may seem reasonable - but its error lies in vastly oversimplifying evolution to the point where it becomes unrecognizable. It is very true that natural selection operates with the genetic information which is available; however, natural selection is not the only process which is involved in evolution. Ignored are such factors as mutation and genetic drift. By oversimplifying evolution down to just natural selection, however, Hovind is able to portray evolution as a one-dimensional theory which cannot possibly be true. It is in such examples that an oversimplification fallacy can also become a Straw Man Fallacy if a person takes the oversimplified description of a position and then proceeds to criticize it as if it were the genuine position. Examples and Discussion of Exaggeration Related to, but much rarer than, the fallacy of oversimplification is the fallacy of exaggeration. Mirror images of each other, an exaggeration fallacy is committed when an argument tries to include additional causal influences which are ultimately irrelevant to the matter at hand. We can say that committing a fallacy of exaggeration is a consequence of failing to heed Occams Razor, which states that we should prefer the simpler explanation and refrain from adding entities (causes, factors) which are not specifically necessary A good example is one which is related to one of those used above: 8. The rescue workers, doctors and various assistants are all heroes because, with the help of God, they managed to save all of the people involved in that accident. The role of individuals like doctors and rescue workers is obvious, but the addition of God seems gratuitous. Without an identifiable effect of which can be said to be necessarily responsible, the inclusion qualifies as an exaggeration fallacy. Other instances of this fallacy can be found in the legal profession, for example: 9. My client killed Joe Smith, but the cause for his violent behavior was a life of eating Twinkies and other junk food which impaired his judgment. There is no clear link between junk food and violent behavior, but there are other identifiable causes for it. The addition of junk food to that list of causes constitutes a fallacy of exaggeration because the real causes only end up being masked by additional and irrelevant pseudo-causes. Here, the junk food is an entity which is simply not necessary.

Rhetoric from Homer to Augustine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rhetoric from Homer to Augustine - Essay Example Antique civilization contributed a lot to our modern science and laid foundation of modern scientific conceptions of the world inside and outside of us. Rhetoric is just one point of ancient heritage. Rhetoric from Homer to Augustine went through the phase of its origin and becoming when fundament of this art was laid. 2. Rhetoric in Greece was one of the three liberal arts. So it was a very important art. In Homer days rhetoric was not widely developed yet, but it is possible to say that Homer's contribution to rhetoric is obvious. His epic poems "Iliad" and "Odyssey" were full of poetic dialogues, argumentations and word exercises for achieving different goals. His poetry influenced further poetic and rhetoric development in Greece. But in 5th century B. C. rhetoric became known for wide people through sophists. They thought people skill of argumentation. Sophists' work was valued rather high as they helped people to defend their personal interests, not always fair. So this form of teaching soon declined. Plato's teaching was another significant step to rhetoric development. He was an opponent for the sophists. ... Aristotle developed Plato's ideas and went further. He introduced rhetoric as a system of particular skills necessary for an orator. It was the next step of rhetoric development. Aristotle identified three main elements of rhetorical art: character of an orator, his emotions and his language. It is very important to feel the character of the audience, its structure - it will help to choose correct ways of influence on it. Orator's character and emotions must be directed to the goals of the speech - his speech must be emotionally-colored, bright and address everybody's hearts and feelings. The choice of appropriate language is also important. It in turn depends on the audience structure and goals to be achieved. So Aristotle's system influenced rhetoric very much and prepared fertile ground for its further rise and development.3. Rhetoric in Ancient Rome took much from that of Greece, but there were its own features. The main figures of Roman rhetoric were Cicero and Quintilian. Cicer o was one of the most brilliant orators of the ancient world. His speeches were full of expression, his influence on the audience was great, his oratorical methods were much imitated in his days and by later orators. Cicero's works on rhetoric were influenced this art in Rome and for further rhetoric development in general. Quintilian's treatise "Institutes of Oratory" was the next step of rhetorical skills systematization. He wrote about five main rhetorical canons. These are: development of an argument; its arrangement and organization for achieving an appropriate effect; definition of the speech style for a determined audience; speech delivery methods; orator's memory needed to keep in mind all elements of the speech. Quintilian's

British Indirect Rule in Ghana, Kenya and S. Africa Essay

British Indirect Rule in Ghana, Kenya and S. Africa - Essay Example This authoritarian nature of the indirect rule by the British often made chiefs in Africa abuse power in a way that was never possible in a traditional system and there was no innovation or conservation of traditional elements in the indirect rule. Significantly, a "type of indirect governance was found in early toeholds in West Africa, notably Cape Coast Colony in the Gold Coast (now Ghana) These colonies had Legislative Councils with nominated, non-official members who regarded themselves as a loyal opposition, as well as newspapers critical of governmentYet another version of Indirect Rule developed with respect to the loosely organized, so called stateless peoples of Southern Nigeria, Kenya, or Tanganyika, whose political institutions had either remained rudimentary or been destroyed by European military action. Here 'foreigners' or relatively unimportant individuals (such as the warrant chiefs in East Africa) were imported or raised above their former stations." (Louis, Brown, L ow, and Canny 1999 P. 239). These colonies had Legislative Councils with nominated, non-official members who regarded themselves as a loyal opposition, as well as newspapers critical of government†¦Yet another version of Indirect Rule developed with respect to the loosely organized, so called stateless peoples of Southern Nigeria, Kenya, or Tanganyika, whose political institutions had either remained rudimentary or been destroyed by European military action.(Louis, Brown, Low, and Canny 1999 P. 239)...One of the major consequences of the 'indirect rule' by the British in Ghana, Kenya and South Africa was the establishment of traditional rulers in these countries who wanted to conserve culture and tradition. The emphasis on traditional ruler vs. educated elite had an important impact on the nationalization process of these nations. In a profound analysis interrogating the reasons for the failure of African nationalism in the post-independent period, which is a challenging task, the impact of 'indirect rule' of the British on ethnicity and nationalism of the African countries becomes palpable. Significantly, the workings of imperialism in West Africa indisputably enhanced social cleavages between rural and urban classes, the elite and the masses, and made it difficult to form bonds that would survive the immediate transition to independence. While the manipulation of the communist threat turned aside the just grievances of the masses, cultivation of the moderate, bourgeois elite secured a constant base for Western financial interests. "The manipulation of ethnicity and 'tradition' under colonial rule also had important consequences. As the masses had been excluded from modernity under indirect rule, the nationalist intelligentsia appeared to ethnic as well as pan-African consciousness in building nationalist movements. The attraction of ethnic identity was that it cut across class lines and prioritized culture and 'traditional values' in a time of change. E thnicityis dynamic, not static, and thus may also be viewed as 'another form of popular consciousness' which emerged with the political struggles against colonialism." (Bush, 1999, P. 125-6). However, according to the progressive imperialists, such 'ethnic consciousness' or